Disclosed herein, inter alia, are fatty acid and polymer compositions and methods of making the same.

Disclosed herein, inter alia, are fatty acid and polymer compositions and methods of making the same.

The current invention relates to long α-ω di-functional linear molecules as building blocks closing the gap between small molecules and polymers, or in a polycondensated form, in the production of oligomers and/or polymers, surfactants, lubricants, coatings, colloidal stabilizing surface chains/molecules.

The current invention relates to long α-ω di-functional linear molecules as building blocks closing the gap between small molecules and polymers, or in a polycondensated form, in the production of oligomers and/or polymers, surfactants, lubricants, coatings, colloidal stabilizing surface chains/molecules.

Provided is an oxidation reactor capable of oxidizing hydrocarbons with both reaction efficiency and energy efficiency. The oxidation reactor according to the present invention includes a liquid inlet channel, a gas inlet channel, a gas-liquid mixing unit, and a flow reactor. Through the liquid inlet channel, a liquid containing a reaction substrate hydrocarbon is introduced. Through the gas inlet channel, a gas containing oxygen and ozone is introduced. The gas-liquid mixing unit mixes the liquid introduced from the liquid inlet channel with the gas introduced from the gas inlet channel. In the flow reactor, an oxidation catalyst is immobilized or packed. The gas-liquid mixing unit houses, in its channel, a mobile particle which is capable of rotating and/or moving to mix the liquid with the gas to thereby form a gas-liquid slug flow. The gas-liquid slug flow is introduced into the flow reactor.

The disclosure relates to a method of performing ozonolysis or ozone-based oxidation on a liquid or emulsified reagent using a tubular falling film reactor with one or multiple tubes wherein the combined ozone and carrier gas flow is co-current.

The disclosure relates to a method of performing ozonolysis or ozone-based oxidation on a liquid or emulsified reagent using a tubular falling film reactor with one or multiple tubes wherein the combined ozone and carrier gas flow is co-current.

Provided is a solid acid catalyst for use in oxidation of a substrate in the coexistence of oxygen and ozone (solid acid catalyst for oxygen-ozone-coexisting oxidation). The solid acid catalyst enables oxidation of the substrate with a high conversion. This solid acid catalyst for oxygen-ozone-coexisting oxidation is a solid acid catalyst for use in an oxidation reaction to oxidize a substrate (A) in the coexistence of oxygen and ozone. The solid acid catalyst includes a transition metal in the form of an elementary substance, a compound, or an ion, and a support supporting the transition metal. The support includes, at least in its surface, a strong acid or super strong acid having a Hammett acidity function (H.sub.0) of −9 or less. The support is preferably a pellet or particle made of a fluorinated sulfonic acid resin, or a support including a solid and a layer of a fluorinated sulfonic acid resin disposed on the solid.

Provided is a solid acid catalyst for use in oxidation of a substrate in the coexistence of oxygen and ozone (solid acid catalyst for oxygen-ozone-coexisting oxidation). The solid acid catalyst enables oxidation of the substrate with a high conversion. This solid acid catalyst for oxygen-ozone-coexisting oxidation is a solid acid catalyst for use in an oxidation reaction to oxidize a substrate (A) in the coexistence of oxygen and ozone. The solid acid catalyst includes a transition metal in the form of an elementary substance, a compound, or an ion, and a support supporting the transition metal. The support includes, at least in its surface, a strong acid or super strong acid having a Hammett acidity function (H.sub.0) of −9 or less. The support is preferably a pellet or particle made of a fluorinated sulfonic acid resin, or a support including a solid and a layer of a fluorinated sulfonic acid resin disposed on the solid.

Provided is a solid acid catalyst for use in oxidation of a substrate in the coexistence of oxygen and ozone (solid acid catalyst for oxygen-ozone-coexisting oxidation). The solid acid catalyst enables oxidation of the substrate with a high conversion. This solid acid catalyst for oxygen-ozone-coexisting oxidation is a solid acid catalyst for use in an oxidation reaction to oxidize a substrate (A) in the coexistence of oxygen and ozone. The solid acid catalyst includes a transition metal in the form of an elementary substance, a compound, or an ion, and a support supporting the transition metal. The support includes, at least in its surface, a strong acid or super strong acid having a Hammett acidity function (H.sub.0) of −9 or less. The support is preferably a pellet or particle made of a fluorinated sulfonic acid resin, or a support including a solid and a layer of a fluorinated sulfonic acid resin disposed on the solid.