Processes for the oxidation of carbohydrate dehydration products, such as furanics that can be oxidized to the bio-based monomer 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), are disclosed, according to which certain co-feeds, having been discovered to impart a beneficial reaction stabilizing effect, are oxidized together with the carbohydrate dehydration products. This can advantageously counteract, in whole or in part, detrimental effects of humin impurities present in oxidation feed, with such impurities having been generated as byproducts of the upstream dehydrating step. An important co-feed is para-xylene that can be co-oxidized to form the petroleum-based monomer terephthalic acid (TPA), such that co-processing can beneficially yield two valuable monomers, while improving performance, particularly in terms of reaction stability, over comparable processes in which only the first monomer is produced. Related aspects involve opportunities for retrofitting existing monomer production facilities to enable co-processing of carbohydrate dehydration products that can lead to the above-noted advantages.

Processes for the oxidation of carbohydrate dehydration products, such as furanics that can be oxidized to the bio-based monomer 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), are disclosed, according to which certain co-feeds, having been discovered to impart a beneficial reaction stabilizing effect, are oxidized together with the carbohydrate dehydration products. This can advantageously counteract, in whole or in part, detrimental effects of humin impurities present in oxidation feed, with such impurities having been generated as byproducts of the upstream dehydrating step. An important co-feed is para-xylene that can be co-oxidized to form the petroleum-based monomer terephthalic acid (TPA), such that co-processing can beneficially yield two valuable monomers, while improving performance, particularly in terms of reaction stability, over comparable processes in which only the first monomer is produced. Related aspects involve opportunities for retrofitting existing monomer production facilities to enable co-processing of carbohydrate dehydration products that can lead to the above-noted advantages.

Sulfur chelated ruthenium compounds represented by the following formula: ##STR00001##
wherein M indicates the ruthenium metal bound to a benzylidene carbon; R represents C.sub.1-C.sub.7 alkyl group or optionally substituted aryl; X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 each independently represent halogen; Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 each independently denote unsubstituted or alkyl-substituted phenyl; and Z independently represents hydrogen, electron withdrawing or electron donating substituent, with m being an integer from 1 to 4, and processes and compositions related thereto.

Sulfur chelated ruthenium compounds represented by the following formula: ##STR00001##
wherein M indicates the ruthenium metal bound to a benzylidene carbon; R represents C.sub.1-C.sub.7 alkyl group or optionally substituted aryl; X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 each independently represent halogen; Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 each independently denote unsubstituted or alkyl-substituted phenyl; and Z independently represents hydrogen, electron withdrawing or electron donating substituent, with m being an integer from 1 to 4, and processes and compositions related thereto.

Disclosed are cyclopentene compounds for use as inhibitors of aminotransferases such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) aminotransferase (AT) and/or ornithine aminotransferase (OAT). The disclosed cyclopentene compounds include 3-amino-4-halocyclopente carboxylic acid compounds which may be formulated in pharmaceutical composition for treating diseases and disorders associated with GABA-AT and/or OAT activity, including epilepsy, addiction, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Disclosed are cyclopentene compounds for use as inhibitors of aminotransferases such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) aminotransferase (AT) and/or ornithine aminotransferase (OAT). The disclosed cyclopentene compounds include 3-amino-4-halocyclopente carboxylic acid compounds which may be formulated in pharmaceutical composition for treating diseases and disorders associated with GABA-AT and/or OAT activity, including epilepsy, addiction, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

The present invention relates to a class of fatty acid compounds, a preparation method thereof and use thereof. The fatty acid compounds have the structure of the formula I, which has the ability to activate APMK and inhibit the glucose output in mouse primary hepatocytes. The fatty acid compounds can be used in preparing a medicament for the treatment of obesity or diabetes. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a class of fatty acid compounds, a preparation method thereof and use thereof. The fatty acid compounds have the structure of the formula I, which has the ability to activate APMK and inhibit the glucose output in mouse primary hepatocytes. The fatty acid compounds can be used in preparing a medicament for the treatment of obesity or diabetes. ##STR00001##

Disclosed are cyclopentene compounds for use as inhibitors of aminotransferases such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) aminotransferase (AT) and/or ornithine aminotransferase (OAT). The disclosed cyclopentene compounds include 3-amino-4-halocyclopente carboxylic acid compounds which may be formulated in pharmaceutical composition for treating diseases and disorders associated with GABA-AT and/or OAT activity, including epilepsy, addiction, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Disclosed are cyclopentene compounds for use as inhibitors of aminotransferases such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) aminotransferase (AT) and/or ornithine aminotransferase (OAT). The disclosed cyclopentene compounds include 3-amino-4-halocyclopente carboxylic acid compounds which may be formulated in pharmaceutical composition for treating diseases and disorders associated with GABA-AT and/or OAT activity, including epilepsy, addiction, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).