An electrolyte solution containing at least one selected from a compound represented by the following formula (1-1) (wherein Rf.sup.111s are the same as or different from each other and are each a C2-C4 fluorinated alkenyl group), a compound represented by the following formula (1-2) (wherein R.sup.121 is a C1-C4 alkyl group; and Rf.sup.121 is a C2-C4 fluorinated alkenyl group), and a compound represented by the following formula (1-3) (wherein Rf.sup.131 is a C1-C3 fluorinated alkyl group; and R.sup.131 is a C6-C12 aryl group): ##STR00001##

An electrolyte solution containing at least one selected from a compound represented by the following formula (1-1) (wherein Rf.sup.111s are the same as or different from each other and are each a C2-C4 fluorinated alkenyl group), a compound represented by the following formula (1-2) (wherein R.sup.121 is a C1-C4 alkyl group; and Rf.sup.121 is a C2-C4 fluorinated alkenyl group), and a compound represented by the following formula (1-3) (wherein Rf.sup.131 is a C1-C3 fluorinated alkyl group; and R.sup.131 is a C6-C12 aryl group): ##STR00001##

The present invention provides new classes of phenol compounds, including those derived from tyrosol and analogues, useful as monomers for preparation of biocompatible polymers, and biocompatible polymers prepared from these monomeric phenol compounds, including novel biodegradable and/or bioresorbable polymers. These biocompatible polymers or polymer compositions with enhanced bioresorbabilty and processibility are useful in a variety of medical applications, such as in medical devices and controlled-release therapeutic formulations. The invention also provides methods for preparing these monomeric phenol compounds and biocompatible polymers.

The present invention provides new classes of phenol compounds, including those derived from tyrosol and analogues, useful as monomers for preparation of biocompatible polymers, and biocompatible polymers prepared from these monomeric phenol compounds, including novel biodegradable and/or bioresorbable polymers. These biocompatible polymers or polymer compositions with enhanced bioresorbabilty and processibility are useful in a variety of medical applications, such as in medical devices and controlled-release therapeutic formulations. The invention also provides methods for preparing these monomeric phenol compounds and biocompatible polymers.

Provided is a calixarene compound represented by structural formula (1). In structural formula (1), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a structural moiety (A) having a functional group (I), a structural moiety (B) having a functional group (II) having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond (excluding maleate groups), a structural moiety (C) having both the functional group (I) and the functional group (II), a monovalent organic group (D) that has 1 to 20 carbon atoms and is other than the structural moieties (A), (B) and (C), or a hydrogen atom (E). At least one of a plurality of R.sup.2s is the structural moiety (A), the structural moiety (B), the structural moiety (C), or the organic group (D).

##STR00001##

Provided is a calixarene compound represented by structural formula (1). In structural formula (1), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a structural moiety (A) having a functional group (I), a structural moiety (B) having a functional group (II) having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond (excluding maleate groups), a structural moiety (C) having both the functional group (I) and the functional group (II), a monovalent organic group (D) that has 1 to 20 carbon atoms and is other than the structural moieties (A), (B) and (C), or a hydrogen atom (E). At least one of a plurality of R.sup.2s is the structural moiety (A), the structural moiety (B), the structural moiety (C), or the organic group (D).

##STR00001##

Disclosed are new classes of diphenol compounds, derived from tyrosol or tyrosol analogues, which are useful as monomers for preparation of biocompatible polymers. Also disclosed are biocompatible polymers prepared from these monomeric diphenol compounds, including novel biodegradable and/or bioresorbable polymers of formula ##STR00001## These biocompatible polymers or polymer compositions with enhanced bioresorbabilty and processibility are useful in a variety of medical applications, such as in medical devices and controlled-release therapeutic compositions. The invention also provides methods for preparing these monomeric diphenol compounds and biocompatible polymers.

Disclosed are new classes of diphenol compounds, derived from tyrosol or tyrosol analogues, which are useful as monomers for preparation of biocompatible polymers. Also disclosed are biocompatible polymers prepared from these monomeric diphenol compounds, including novel biodegradable and/or bioresorbable polymers of formula ##STR00001## These biocompatible polymers or polymer compositions with enhanced bioresorbabilty and processibility are useful in a variety of medical applications, such as in medical devices and controlled-release therapeutic compositions. The invention also provides methods for preparing these monomeric diphenol compounds and biocompatible polymers.

A process for the production of ethylene glycol from CO.sub.2, including the steps of: i) reducing CO.sub.2 to CO; ii) reacting the CO produced in step i) with an amine to form an oxamide or an oxamate or with an alcohol to form an oxalate; and iii) reducing the oxamide, oxamate or oxalate formed in step ii) to form ethylene glycol. Also, a process for the production of an oxamide, oxamate or oxalate and a process for the production of polyethylene terephthalate.

A process for the production of ethylene glycol from CO.sub.2, including the steps of: i) reducing CO.sub.2 to CO; ii) reacting the CO produced in step i) with an amine to form an oxamide or an oxamate or with an alcohol to form an oxalate; and iii) reducing the oxamide, oxamate or oxalate formed in step ii) to form ethylene glycol. Also, a process for the production of an oxamide, oxamate or oxalate and a process for the production of polyethylene terephthalate.