Provided is a calixarene compound represented by structural formula (1). In structural formula (1), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a structural moiety (A) having a functional group (I), a structural moiety (B) having a functional group (II) having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond (excluding maleate groups), a structural moiety (C) having both the functional group (I) and the functional group (II), a monovalent organic group (D) that has 1 to 20 carbon atoms and is other than the structural moieties (A), (B) and (C), or a hydrogen atom (E). At least one of a plurality of R.sup.2s is the structural moiety (A), the structural moiety (B), the structural moiety (C), or the organic group (D).

##STR00001##

Provided herein are formulations of plated powders of acetaldehyde precursors. Also provided herein are methods of making and using the powders.

The present invention relates to novel esters of formula (I) as defined below and their use as fragrance or malodour reducing agents. Moreover, the present invention relates to fragrance compositions comprising a compound or a mixture of compounds of formula (I) and one or more further fragrance substance(s). The invention also provides a method for perfuming a product with a compound or a mixture of compounds of formula (I) as defined below and the perfumed product as well as a method for perfuming hair, skin, textile fibers, surfaces and/or ambient air with a compound or a mixture of compounds of formula (I) as defined below.

The present invention relates to novel esters of formula (I) as defined below and their use as fragrance or malodour reducing agents. Moreover, the present invention relates to fragrance compositions comprising a compound or a mixture of compounds of formula (I) and one or more further fragrance substance(s). The invention also provides a method for perfuming a product with a compound or a mixture of compounds of formula (I) as defined below and the perfumed product as well as a method for perfuming hair, skin, textile fibers, surfaces and/or ambient air with a compound or a mixture of compounds of formula (I) as defined below.

Provided herein is a compound having the formula I

##STR00001##

wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from a branched or straight C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl and a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkenyl, n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and x is independently 0, 1 or 2; provided that when n is 1, x is 2. Also provided herein is a method of releasing acetaldehyde into an aqueous solution comprising delivering a compound of formula I to the aqueous solution wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from a branched or straight C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl and a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkenyl, n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and x is independently 0, 1 or 2; provided that when n is 1, x is 2. Also provided is a flavor or aroma-modifying composition comprising: i) a flavor or aroma-conferring or modifying ingredient, at least one compound according to formula (I) above; ii) at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of a flavor carrier and a flavor base; and iii) optionally at least one flavor adjuvant.

Provided herein is a compound having the formula I

##STR00001##

wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from a branched or straight C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl and a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkenyl, n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and x is independently 0, 1 or 2; provided that when n is 1, x is 2. Also provided herein is a method of releasing acetaldehyde into an aqueous solution comprising delivering a compound of formula I to the aqueous solution wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from a branched or straight C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl and a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkenyl, n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and x is independently 0, 1 or 2; provided that when n is 1, x is 2. Also provided is a flavor or aroma-modifying composition comprising: i) a flavor or aroma-conferring or modifying ingredient, at least one compound according to formula (I) above; ii) at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of a flavor carrier and a flavor base; and iii) optionally at least one flavor adjuvant.

A composition comprising about 97 mole percent or greater of one or more 1,1-dicarbonyl substituted-1-ethylenes and about 3 mole percent or less of one or more 1,1-dicarbonyl substituted-methanes. A process comprising: contacting in a fluid state one or more 1,1-dicarbonyl substituted-1,1 hydroxymethyl-methanes and greater than 200 ppm to about 1000 ppm of one or more strong acids based on the weight of the one or more 1,1-dicarbonyl substituted-1,1 hydroxymethyl-methanes with a zeolite catalyst at a temperature of about 180° C. to about 220° C. for a sufficient time to convert about 96 percent or greater of the one or more 1,1-dicarbonyl substituted-1,1 hydroxymethyl-methanes to one or more 1,1-dicarbonyl substituted-1-ethylenes.

A composition comprising about 97 mole percent or greater of one or more 1,1-dicarbonyl substituted-1-ethylenes and about 3 mole percent or less of one or more 1,1-dicarbonyl substituted-methanes. A process comprising: contacting in a fluid state one or more 1,1-dicarbonyl substituted-1,1 hydroxymethyl-methanes and greater than 200 ppm to about 1000 ppm of one or more strong acids based on the weight of the one or more 1,1-dicarbonyl substituted-1,1 hydroxymethyl-methanes with a zeolite catalyst at a temperature of about 180° C. to about 220° C. for a sufficient time to convert about 96 percent or greater of the one or more 1,1-dicarbonyl substituted-1,1 hydroxymethyl-methanes to one or more 1,1-dicarbonyl substituted-1-ethylenes.

Systems and methods for the production of malonate in recombinant host cells.

Systems and methods for the production of malonate in recombinant host cells.