Process for the production of methylidene malonates and cyanoacrylates employing in-situ formed iminium salts derived from acid halides and/or acid anhydrides and N,N,N′,N′-tetra hydrocarbyl diaminoalkanes, the acid halides and/or acid anhydrides being present in a molar excess relative to the diaminoalkanes, as co-reactants with select malonic acid esters and cyanoacetates, respectively.

Process for the production of methylidene malonates and cyanoacrylates employing in-situ formed iminium salts derived from acid halides and/or acid anhydrides and N,N,N′,N′-tetra hydrocarbyl diaminoalkanes, the acid halides and/or acid anhydrides being present in a molar excess relative to the diaminoalkanes, as co-reactants with select malonic acid esters and cyanoacetates, respectively.

The invention provides an itaconate surfactant having the following formula (I) ##STR00001##
in which R.sup.1 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups having 4 to 22 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 is selected from hydrogen and aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and n is an integer ranging from 8 to 20. The surfactants of the invention are benign to the skin and to the environment yet can offer a performance that is comparable to that of “traditional” anionic and anionic/nonionic surfactant systems, especially on difficult-to-remove stains.

The invention provides an itaconate surfactant having the following formula (I) ##STR00001##
in which R.sup.1 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups having 4 to 22 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 is selected from hydrogen and aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and n is an integer ranging from 8 to 20. The surfactants of the invention are benign to the skin and to the environment yet can offer a performance that is comparable to that of “traditional” anionic and anionic/nonionic surfactant systems, especially on difficult-to-remove stains.

Prodrugs of itaconic acid and 1- and 4-methyl itaconic acid and their use for treating a disease, disorder, or condition associated with inflammation are disclosed.

Prodrugs of itaconic acid and 1- and 4-methyl itaconic acid and their use for treating a disease, disorder, or condition associated with inflammation are disclosed.

A compound including two or more constituent units derived from a monomer M having a radical polymerizable group and having a radical polymerizable group A at the terminal, in which the monomer M includes a monomer m having a structure that generates an active species by photoexcitation.

A compound including two or more constituent units derived from a monomer M having a radical polymerizable group and having a radical polymerizable group A at the terminal, in which the monomer M includes a monomer m having a structure that generates an active species by photoexcitation.

Provided are a novel acyclic carbene ligand for ruthenium complex formation; a ruthenium complex catalyst using the ligand; a method of using the complex as a catalyst in an ethylene-metathesis ethenolysis reaction; a method of preparing the ruthenium complex catalyst; and a method of preparing a linear alpha-olefin, the method including the step of reacting a linear or cyclic alkene compound in the presence of the ruthenium complex catalyst. The acyclic carbene ligand of the present invention and the ruthenium complex catalyst using the same have high selectivity and turnover number for terminal olefin formation in an ethylene-metathesis ethenolysis reaction, and thus linear α-olefins may be prepared with a high yield.

Provided are a novel acyclic carbene ligand for ruthenium complex formation; a ruthenium complex catalyst using the ligand; a method of using the complex as a catalyst in an ethylene-metathesis ethenolysis reaction; a method of preparing the ruthenium complex catalyst; and a method of preparing a linear alpha-olefin, the method including the step of reacting a linear or cyclic alkene compound in the presence of the ruthenium complex catalyst. The acyclic carbene ligand of the present invention and the ruthenium complex catalyst using the same have high selectivity and turnover number for terminal olefin formation in an ethylene-metathesis ethenolysis reaction, and thus linear α-olefins may be prepared with a high yield.