Provided are the following compound represented by General Formula (A) or (B), a curable resin composition including the compound, a cured product thereof, an optical member, and a lens:

##STR00001##

A ring Ar.sup.1 and a ring Ar.sup.2 represent an aromatic ring represented by a specific formula or a fused ring thereof, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent a specific substituent, and v and w are a specific integer. R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent, L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 represent an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and Sp.sup.a to Sp.sup.d represent a single bond or a divalent linking group. Pol.sup.1 and Pol.sup.2 represent a hydrogen atom or a polymerizable group, in which at least one of Pol.sup.1 or Pol.sup.2 is a polymerizable group. Further, in the formulae, a structure represented by (R.sup.1).sub.v—Ar.sup.1/cyclopentadiene skeleton/Ar.sup.2—(R.sup.2).sub.w is not line-symmetrical.

Provided are the following compound represented by General Formula (A) or (B), a curable resin composition including the compound, a cured product thereof, an optical member, and a lens:

##STR00001##

A ring Ar.sup.1 and a ring Ar.sup.2 represent an aromatic ring represented by a specific formula or a fused ring thereof, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent a specific substituent, and v and w are a specific integer. R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent, L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 represent an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and Sp.sup.a to Sp.sup.d represent a single bond or a divalent linking group. Pol.sup.1 and Pol.sup.2 represent a hydrogen atom or a polymerizable group, in which at least one of Pol.sup.1 or Pol.sup.2 is a polymerizable group. Further, in the formulae, a structure represented by (R.sup.1).sub.v—Ar.sup.1/cyclopentadiene skeleton/Ar.sup.2—(R.sup.2).sub.w is not line-symmetrical.

Provided is a process for preparing 4-phenyl-1-butyric acid, comprising: reacting 4-phenyl-1-butanol with sodium chlorite, a nitroxyl radical catalyst and sodium hypochlorite in an organic solvent and a phosphate buffer; and quenching the reaction with sodium sulfite to produce 4-phenyl-1-butyric. Also provided is 4-phenyl-1-butyric acid prepared by such a process.

Provided is a process for preparing 4-phenyl-1-butyric acid, comprising: reacting 4-phenyl-1-butanol with sodium chlorite, a nitroxyl radical catalyst and sodium hypochlorite in an organic solvent and a phosphate buffer; and quenching the reaction with sodium sulfite to produce 4-phenyl-1-butyric. Also provided is 4-phenyl-1-butyric acid prepared by such a process.

Provided is a process for preparing 4-phenyl-1-butyric acid, comprising: reacting 4-phenyl-1-butanol with sodium chlorite, a nitroxyl radical catalyst and sodium hypochlorite in an organic solvent and a phosphate buffer; and quenching the reaction with sodium sulfite to produce 4-phenyl-1-butyric. Also provided is 4-phenyl-1-butyric acid prepared by such a process.

This invention relates to a process for the synthesis of a non-racemic cyclohexene compound of formula (I) by a Diels-Alder reaction of a compound of formula (II) with a compound of formula (III) wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9 and Y have the meanings as defined in the description in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one m-valent metal cation M.sup.m+ wherein the metal M is selected from Scandium (Sc), Yttrium (Y), Lanthanum (La), Cerium (Ce), Praseodymium (Pr), Neodymium (Nd), Promethium (Pm), Samarium (Sm), Europium (Eu), Gadolinium 15 (Gd), Terbium (Tb), Dysprosium (Dy), Holmium (Ho), Erbium (Er), Thulium (Tm), Ytterbium (Yb), Lutetium (Lu), Gallium (Ga) and Indium (In), and m is an integer of 1, 2 or 3, and a chiral ligand of the formula (IV) wherein R.sup.10a, R.sup.10b, R.sup.10c, R.sup.10d, R.sup.10a′, R.sup.10b′, R.sup.10c′, R.sup.10d′, Z and Z′ have the meanings as defined in the description.

This invention relates to a process for the synthesis of a non-racemic cyclohexene compound of formula (I) by a Diels-Alder reaction of a compound of formula (II) with a compound of formula (III) wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9 and Y have the meanings as defined in the description in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one m-valent metal cation M.sup.m+ wherein the metal M is selected from Scandium (Sc), Yttrium (Y), Lanthanum (La), Cerium (Ce), Praseodymium (Pr), Neodymium (Nd), Promethium (Pm), Samarium (Sm), Europium (Eu), Gadolinium 15 (Gd), Terbium (Tb), Dysprosium (Dy), Holmium (Ho), Erbium (Er), Thulium (Tm), Ytterbium (Yb), Lutetium (Lu), Gallium (Ga) and Indium (In), and m is an integer of 1, 2 or 3, and a chiral ligand of the formula (IV) wherein R.sup.10a, R.sup.10b, R.sup.10c, R.sup.10d, R.sup.10a′, R.sup.10b′, R.sup.10c′, R.sup.10d′, Z and Z′ have the meanings as defined in the description.

Disclosed herein are methods for obtaining aza-pyridone compounds, which can be useful for ameliorating and/or treating a disease and/or a condition, including an orthomyxovirus infection.

Disclosed herein are methods for obtaining aza-pyridone compounds, which can be useful for ameliorating and/or treating a disease and/or a condition, including an orthomyxovirus infection.

An object of the present invention is to develop a therapeutic agent for an inflammatory disease such as an inflammatory bowel disease or NASH, which therapeutic agent shows less side effects and high effectiveness. The present invention provides a compound represented by Formula (I) or a salt thereof; and a Pin1 inhibitor, a pharmaceutical composition, a therapeutic agent or a prophylactic agent for an inflammatory disease, and a therapeutic agent or a prophylactic agent for colon cancer, containing the compound. ##STR00001##