Compounds are provided having the structure of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, X.sup.1, X.sup.2, Y.sup.1, and Y.sup.2 are as defined herein. Such compounds function as thyromimetics and have utility for treating diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders and fibrotic diseases. Pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds are also provided, as are methods of their use and preparation.

##STR00001##

Compounds are provided having the structure of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, X.sup.1, X.sup.2, Y.sup.1, and Y.sup.2 are as defined herein. Such compounds function as thyromimetics and have utility for treating diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders and fibrotic diseases. Pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds are also provided, as are methods of their use and preparation.

##STR00001##

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel compound useful for manufacturing salacinol, a method for manufacturing the compound, a method for manufacturing salacinol, methods for protecting and deprotecting a diol group, and a protective agent for a diol group. A compound represented by Formula (1) is a compound useful for manufacturing salacinol.

##STR00001##

(In the formula, each of R.sup.1a and R.sup.1b is a hydrogen atom or a hydroxy protective group; R.sup.2 is a hydroxy group or the like; and R.sup.3 is a hydroxy group or the like.)

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel compound useful for manufacturing salacinol, a method for manufacturing the compound, a method for manufacturing salacinol, methods for protecting and deprotecting a diol group, and a protective agent for a diol group. A compound represented by Formula (1) is a compound useful for manufacturing salacinol.

##STR00001##

(In the formula, each of R.sup.1a and R.sup.1b is a hydrogen atom or a hydroxy protective group; R.sup.2 is a hydroxy group or the like; and R.sup.3 is a hydroxy group or the like.)

Disclosed is a method for producing an acrylic acid derivative represented by formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or the like; R.sup.3 represents hydrogen or the like; and X represents hydrogen or the like, the method comprising step B of bringing an organic metal compound represented by formula (A3A): wherein R.sup.2, in each occurrence, is the same or different and represents hydrogen or like; R.sup.3 represents hydrogen or the like; X represents hydrogen or the like; and M represents hydrogen or the like, or an organic metal compound represented by formula (A3B): wherein the symbols are as defined above, or a combination thereof, into contact with a proton donor and an aldehyde compound to obtain a compound represented by formula (1).

Disclosed is a method for producing an acrylic acid derivative represented by formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or the like; R.sup.3 represents hydrogen or the like; and X represents hydrogen or the like, the method comprising step B of bringing an organic metal compound represented by formula (A3A): wherein R.sup.2, in each occurrence, is the same or different and represents hydrogen or like; R.sup.3 represents hydrogen or the like; X represents hydrogen or the like; and M represents hydrogen or the like, or an organic metal compound represented by formula (A3B): wherein the symbols are as defined above, or a combination thereof, into contact with a proton donor and an aldehyde compound to obtain a compound represented by formula (1).

The invention relates to processes for preparing benzoprostacyclin analogues and intermediates prepared from the process, and the benzoprostacyclin analogues prepared therefrom. The invention also relates to cyclopentenone intermediates in racemic or optically active form.

The invention relates to processes for preparing benzoprostacyclin analogues and intermediates prepared from the process, and the benzoprostacyclin analogues prepared therefrom. The invention also relates to cyclopentenone intermediates in racemic or optically active form.

Prodrugs of itaconic acid and 1- and 4-methyl itaconic acid and their use for treating a disease, disorder, or condition associated with inflammation are disclosed.

The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) as properfume compounds. In particular, the present invention relates to a method to release a compound being a carbonyl of formula (II), a formate ester of formula (III) and/or an alcohol of formula (IV), by exposing the compound of formula (I) to an environment wherein it is oxidized. Moreover, the present invention relates to a perfuming composition and a perfumed consumer product comprising at least one compound of formula (I).