Compounds containing, in one molecule thereof, a structure represented by formula (1), a structure represented by formula (2), and a structure represented by formula (3) (all the symbols are those described in the specification).

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are useful as epoxy resin curing agents.

Prodrugs of itaconic acid and 1- and 4-methyl itaconic acid and their use for treating a disease, disorder, or condition associated with inflammation are disclosed.

Prodrugs of itaconic acid and 1- and 4-methyl itaconic acid and their use for treating a disease, disorder, or condition associated with inflammation are disclosed.

The present disclosure relates generally to various forms and compositions useful as beta adrenergic agonists and uses of the same in the treatment of diseases associated with an adrenergic receptor. In one aspect, the disclosure provides a crystalline solid form of Compound 1: selected from Form A and Form B and salt forms thereof.

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Described is the use of a composition in a process for extruding metals. Said composition includes at least one sodium and/or potassium phthalate and optionally at least one phthalate of an alkaline-earth metal.

Described is the use of a composition in a process for extruding metals. Said composition includes at least one sodium and/or potassium phthalate and optionally at least one phthalate of an alkaline-earth metal.

A crystal form A of 2-(2, 5-dioxopyrrolidin-1yl)ethyl methyl fumarate has a good light irradiation stability, high-temperature stability and high-humidity stability.

Provided is a compound which is capable of reducing a tilt angle of a liquid crystal molecule, and a polymerizable composition, a cured product, an optical film, a polarizing plate, and an image display device, each using the compound. The compound is represented, for example, by Formula (I), P-Sp-Z-G.sup.1-(X.sup.1-Cy.sup.1)n-(X.sup.2-A.sup.1)m-X.sup.3-A.sup.2.

Provided is a compound which is capable of reducing a tilt angle of a liquid crystal molecule, and a polymerizable composition, a cured product, an optical film, a polarizing plate, and an image display device, each using the compound. The compound is represented, for example, by Formula (I), P-Sp-Z-G.sup.1-(X.sup.1-Cy.sup.1)n-(X.sup.2-A.sup.1)m-X.sup.3-A.sup.2.

A compound of Formula (I): ##STR00001##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in which Ring X is a 3 to 7 membered monocyclic ring, at least one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 is OR.sub.5 or CH.sub.2OR.sub.5 and the other R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 each independently are halogen, OH, OR.sub.5, CH.sub.2OR.sub.5, CO.sub.2H, OC═OR.sub.6, (C═O)R.sub.6, R.sub.6, C1-10 alkyl, C2-10 alkenyl, C2-10 alkynyl, H, or absent. Also provided herein are therapeutic uses of the compound of Formula (I).