A pharmaceutical containing a compound having an agonist activity for LPA3 as an active ingredient, wherein the compound is of formula (IY):

##STR00001##

wherein all symbols represent the same meaning as described in the specification, and which is useful as a preventive and/or therapeutic agent for, e.g., essential thrombocythemia or reactive thrombocytosis.

A pharmaceutical containing a compound having an agonist activity for LPA3 as an active ingredient, wherein the compound is of formula (IY):

##STR00001##

wherein all symbols represent the same meaning as described in the specification, and which is useful as a preventive and/or therapeutic agent for, e.g., essential thrombocythemia or reactive thrombocytosis.

An additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution that can suppress the initial gas generation amount when used in a non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery. The additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution is represented by any one of formulae [1] to [4]: ##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, X.sup.1, X.sup.2 and Y are as defined in the specification.

Disclosed are compounds of Formula 1, including all stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, Q.sup.1, Q.sup.2, Y.sup.1, and Y.sup.2 are as defined in the disclosure. Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds of Formula 1 and methods for controlling undesired vegetation comprising contacting the undesired vegetation or its environment with an effective amount of a compound or a composition of the invention.

Disclosed are compounds of Formula 1, including all stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, Q.sup.1, Q.sup.2, Y.sup.1, and Y.sup.2 are as defined in the disclosure. Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds of Formula 1 and methods for controlling undesired vegetation comprising contacting the undesired vegetation or its environment with an effective amount of a compound or a composition of the invention.

The present invention is directed to compounds, compositions and methods for preventing, treating or curing hepatitis B (HBV) infection in human subjects or other animal hosts. The compounds are as also pharmaceutically acceptable, salts, prodrugs, and other derivatives thereof as pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treatment, prevention or eradication of HBV infection.

The present invention is directed to compounds, compositions and methods for preventing, treating or curing hepatitis B (HBV) infection in human subjects or other animal hosts. The compounds are as also pharmaceutically acceptable, salts, prodrugs, and other derivatives thereof as pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treatment, prevention or eradication of HBV infection.

Described herein is a precursor compound of formula (I) releasing 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and a method to release 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline from the precursor compound of formula (I)

##STR00001##

in the form of any one of its stereoisomers, tautomers, salts or as a mixture thereof, where R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 hydrocarbon group optionally including one to three heteroatoms; X represents an amino acid, a peptide or a OR.sup.2 wherein R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 hydrocarbon group optionally including one to three heteroatoms and n is 0 when the dotted line represents a single bond or n is 1 when the dotted line represents no bond.

Disclosed are compounds of Formula 1, including all stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, J.sup.2, Q.sup.1, Q.sup.2, T and Y are as defined in the disclosure. Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds, N-oxides and salts, and methods for controlling undesired vegetation comprising contacting the undesired vegetation or its environment with an effective amount of a compound, N-oxide, salt or composition. ##STR00001##

Disclosed are compounds of Formula 1, including all stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, J.sup.2, Q.sup.1, Q.sup.2, T and Y are as defined in the disclosure. Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds, N-oxides and salts, and methods for controlling undesired vegetation comprising contacting the undesired vegetation or its environment with an effective amount of a compound, N-oxide, salt or composition. ##STR00001##