The present invention relates to a method of synthesizing a compound of formula (I) also referred to as 4-(((2S,4S)-(4-ethoxy-1-(((5-methoxy-7-methyl-1H-indol-4-yl)methyl)piperidin-2-yl))benzoic acid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and/or intermediates thereof, their use as pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical compositions and the use of intermediates for preparing a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The present invention relates to a method of synthesizing a compound of formula (I) also referred to as 4-(((2S,4S)-(4-ethoxy-1-(((5-methoxy-7-methyl-1H-indol-4-yl)methyl)piperidin-2-yl))benzoic acid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and/or intermediates thereof, their use as pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical compositions and the use of intermediates for preparing a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

An alternative approach to formation of a C-C bond at a meta-position of an aromatic compound is disclosed that employs an ethylenically unsaturated bicyclic compound as a transient mediator to achieve meta-selective C-H activation with a simple and common ortho-directing group. The use of a pyridine-based ligand assists in relaying the palladium catalyst to the meta-position by the unsaturated bicyclic compound following initial ortho-C-H activation.

An alternative approach to formation of a C-C bond at a meta-position of an aromatic compound is disclosed that employs an ethylenically unsaturated bicyclic compound as a transient mediator to achieve meta-selective C-H activation with a simple and common ortho-directing group. The use of a pyridine-based ligand assists in relaying the palladium catalyst to the meta-position by the unsaturated bicyclic compound following initial ortho-C-H activation.

The present invention provides a method for controlling a soybean rust fungus having an amino acid substitution of F129L in a mitochondrial cytochrome b protein. A compound represented by formula (I)

##STR00001##

[wherein: X.sup.1 represents —C(H)═ or the like; X.sup.2 represents —C(O)OCH.sub.3 or the like; Y.sup.1 represents —C(R.sup.4)═ or the like; Y.sup.2 represents —C(R.sup.5)═ or the like; R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 each represent a C1-C4 alkyl group or the like; and E represents a C1-C6 chain hydrocarbon group or the like]
can be used for controlling a soybean rust fungus having an amino acid substitution of F129L in a mitochondrial cytochrome b protein.

An anti-freezing composition according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes at least one of a compound represented by Formula 1 and a compound represented by Formula 2. An anti-freezing composition according to another embodiment of the present disclosure includes a peptide consisting of amino acids having different chirality, thereby having an excellent effect of inhibiting ice formation or ice recrystallization.

An anti-freezing composition according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes at least one of a compound represented by Formula 1 and a compound represented by Formula 2. An anti-freezing composition according to another embodiment of the present disclosure includes a peptide consisting of amino acids having different chirality, thereby having an excellent effect of inhibiting ice formation or ice recrystallization.

The present invention concerns substituted indoline derivatives, methods to prevent or treat dengue viral infections by using said compounds and also relates to said compounds for use as a medicine, more preferably for use as a medicine to treat or prevent dengue viral infections. The present invention furthermore relates to pharmaceutical compositions or combination preparations of the compounds, to the compositions or preparations for use as a medicine, more preferably for the prevention or treatment of dengue viral infections. The invention also relates to processes for preparation of the compounds. ##STR00001##

The present invention concerns substituted indoline derivatives, methods to prevent or treat dengue viral infections by using said compounds and also relates to said compounds for use as a medicine, more preferably for use as a medicine to treat or prevent dengue viral infections. The present invention furthermore relates to pharmaceutical compositions or combination preparations of the compounds, to the compositions or preparations for use as a medicine, more preferably for the prevention or treatment of dengue viral infections. The invention also relates to processes for preparation of the compounds. ##STR00001##

Disclosed herein are compounds, compositions, and methods for promoting neuronal growth and/or improving neuronal structure with the compounds and compositions disclosed herein. Also described are methods of treating diseases or disorders that are mediated by the loss of synaptic connectivity and/or plasticity, such as neurological diseases and disorders, with non-hallucinogenic psychoplastogens.