The present invention discloses novel N-Heterocyclic compounds of formula A, [Formula A] And a ligand-enabled palladium-catalyzed process for preparation of novel N-Heterocyclic compounds of Formula A via C—H alkynylation of N-heterocycles with alkynyl halides.

##STR00001##

The present invention discloses novel N-Heterocyclic compounds of formula A, [Formula A] And a ligand-enabled palladium-catalyzed process for preparation of novel N-Heterocyclic compounds of Formula A via C—H alkynylation of N-heterocycles with alkynyl halides.

##STR00001##

Provided are compounds of Formula (I′) or (II′), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and methods for their use and production.

##STR00001##

Provided are compounds of Formula (I′) or (II′), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and methods for their use and production.

##STR00001##

A method for a high yield production of a difluoromethyl-substituted aromatic heterocyclic compound having a partial structure represented by formula (II), which includes reacting an N-oxido aromatic heterocyclic compound having a partial structure represented by formula (I) with tetrafluoroethylene in a solvent selected from an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, an ester solvent, and an ether solvent.

##STR00001##

Quinolines, polyquinolines, polybenzoquinolines, molecular segments of fullerenes and graphene nanoribbons, and graphene nanoribbons and processes for producing such materials are provided. The processes utilize a form of an aza-Diels-Alder (Povarov) reaction to first form quinolines and/or polyquinolines. In some such embodiments polyquinolines thus produced are used to form graphene nanoribbon precursors, and molecular segments and graphene nanoribbons. In many such embodiments the graphene nanoribbon precursors are formed from polybenzoquinolines.

Processes for preparing compositions comprising substituted 1,2-dihydroquinolines and having low or undetectable levels of substituted anilines, wherein the processes comprise removing the substituted anilines from feed streams comprising the substituted 1,2-dihydroquinolines and substituted anilines.

Processes for preparing compositions comprising substituted 1,2-dihydroquinolines and having low or undetectable levels of substituted anilines, wherein the processes comprise removing the substituted anilines from feed streams comprising the substituted 1,2-dihydroquinolines and substituted anilines.

A pyrene compound and an organic light emitting diode device including the same are disclosed. The organic light emitting diode device includes at least two stacks provided between a first electrode and a second electrode, and a charge generation layer provided between the stacks and including an N type charge generation layer and a P type charge generation layer, wherein the N type charge generation layer is made of the pyrene compound.

A pyrene compound and an organic light emitting diode device including the same are disclosed. The organic light emitting diode device includes at least two stacks provided between a first electrode and a second electrode, and a charge generation layer provided between the stacks and including an N type charge generation layer and a P type charge generation layer, wherein the N type charge generation layer is made of the pyrene compound.