The present disclosure relates to a heterocyclic compound represented by formula (1), (2) or (3), or a salt thereof. The present disclosure also relates to an active material containing at least one heterocyclic compound or a salt thereof described above, an electrolytic solution containing the active material, and a redox flow battery including the electrolytic solution.

An active material used in a secondary battery includes a heterocyclic chemical compound including one or more pyrazine rings and two or more benzene rings, or a salt or derivative thereof. The heterocyclic chemical compound is preferably a chemical compound in which at least 4 oxygen atoms are bonded to the benzene ring. The active material used in the secondary battery may also include phenazine or a salt or derivative thereof. The phenazines are preferably chemical compounds in which at least 4 oxygen atoms are bonded to a benzene ring included in a phenazine structure.

Provided are phenazine copolymers and methods of making and using phenazine copolymers. The phenazine copolymers may be made from one or more phenazine precursors and one or more co-monomer precursors, one or more phenazine precursors and one or more cross-linking precursors, or one or more phenazine precursors and both one or more cross-linking precursors and one or more co-monomer precursors. The phenazine copolymers may be used in/on cathodes. The cathodes may be used in a variety of devices, such as, for example, batteries or supercapacitors.

An organic electroluminescence device includes an anode, a cathode, and an emitting layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. The emitting layer comprises a delayed fluorescent compound M2 having at least one deuterium atom and a compound M3 having at least one deuterium atom. A singlet energy S.sub.1(M2) of the compound M2 and a singlet energy S.sub.1(M3) of the compound M3 satisfy the relationship S.sub.1(M3)>S.sub.1(M2).

An organic electroluminescence device includes an anode, a cathode, and an emitting layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. The emitting layer comprises a delayed fluorescent compound M2 having at least one deuterium atom and a compound M3 having at least one deuterium atom. A singlet energy S.sub.1(M2) of the compound M2 and a singlet energy S.sub.1(M3) of the compound M3 satisfy the relationship S.sub.1(M3)>S.sub.1(M2).

The present invention relates to novel phenazine-based compounds and compositions comprising the same and their use as redox flow battery electrolytes.

The present invention is to provide a light emitting material, for an organic EL device, exhibiting higher light emitting efficiency, and particularly, to provide a blue light emitting material, wherein the light emitting material comprises a compound of the following General Formula (1):

##STR00001## X is an aryl group including a tertiary amine structure, and Y is a phenyl group having an alkyl or aryl substituent at one ortho position.

The present invention is to provide a light emitting material, for an organic EL device, exhibiting higher light emitting efficiency, and particularly, to provide a blue light emitting material, wherein the light emitting material comprises a compound of the following General Formula (1):

##STR00001## X is an aryl group including a tertiary amine structure, and Y is a phenyl group having an alkyl or aryl substituent at one ortho position.

The present disclosure relates to an organic electroluminescent compound and an organic electroluminescent device comprising the same. By using the organic electroluminescent compound of the present disclosure, an organic electroluminescent device having high luminous efficiency and/or long lifespan properties can be provided compared to conventional organic electroluminescent devices.

The present invention relates to a composition, comprising a palladium compound which is a palladium salt or a palladium complex or a mixture thereof, and a polycyclic compound of Formula (I), (II) or (III):