The present disclosure related to compounds that can be useful as inhibitors of PD-1, PD-L1 or the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Also disclosed herein are pharmaceutical compositions of that can include a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and uses of or methods of using a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment of PD-L1 related diseases including but not limited to liver diseases, cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, viral diseases, or hepatitis B.

Disclosed is a method for synthesizing N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide compound and intermediate thereof. The method comprises a method for synthesizing a compound 1, comprising conducting a Buchwald-Hartwig coupling reaction as shown below with compound A and compound B in a solvent and in the presence of a base and a palladium catalyst to obtain the compound 1; wherein R is C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl. The present disclosure synthesizes three intermediate compounds required by the target compound and their preparation methods for the first time. Using the method disclosed in the present disclosure to synthesize the target compound 3 has the advantages of high yield, good purity, easy-to-obtain reaction raw materials, suitable for industrial production.

##STR00001##

Disclosed is a method for synthesizing N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide compound and intermediate thereof. The method comprises a method for synthesizing a compound 1, comprising conducting a Buchwald-Hartwig coupling reaction as shown below with compound A and compound B in a solvent and in the presence of a base and a palladium catalyst to obtain the compound 1; wherein R is C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl. The present disclosure synthesizes three intermediate compounds required by the target compound and their preparation methods for the first time. Using the method disclosed in the present disclosure to synthesize the target compound 3 has the advantages of high yield, good purity, easy-to-obtain reaction raw materials, suitable for industrial production.

##STR00001##

Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention comprise functionalized lactone derivatives having a disease-modifying action in the treatment of diseases associated with dysregulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 activity.

Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention comprise functionalized lactone derivatives having a disease-modifying action in the treatment of diseases associated with dysregulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 activity.

Compounds that inhibit p38a MAPK protein, and methods of using the same, are provided for treating or preventing diseases such as cancer or inflammatory diseases.

Provided are compounds of Formula (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, and p are as defined herein. Also provided is a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising a compound of Formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Also provided are methods of using a compound of Formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

##STR00001##

Provided are compounds of Formula (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, and p are as defined herein. Also provided is a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising a compound of Formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Also provided are methods of using a compound of Formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

##STR00001##

Compounds that inhibit p38α MAPK protein, and methods of using the same, are provided for treating or preventing diseases such as cancer or inflammatory diseases.

The present generally relates to an improved process for the preparation of dapagliflozin of Formula I or its solvates or co-crystals thereof. The present invention also encompasses the novel intermediates and their use in the preparation of dapagliflozin.