The invention provides an associative polymer, a powder, and a process for making a powder comprising, networking one or more associative polymer(s) and one or more optional surfactant(s) to form a wet gel, and forming a powder from the wet gel, wherein the associative polymer(s) have a weight average molecular weight of from about 10 kDa to about 2,000 kDa.

The invention provides an associative polymer, a powder, and a process for making a powder comprising, networking one or more associative polymer(s) and one or more optional surfactant(s) to form a wet gel, and forming a powder from the wet gel, wherein the associative polymer(s) have a weight average molecular weight of from about 10 kDa to about 2,000 kDa.

A polymer for resist use is obtainable from a hemiacetal compound having formula (1a) wherein R.sup.1 is H, CH.sub.3 or CF.sub.3, R.sup.2 to R.sup.4 each are H or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, X.sup.1 is a divalent hydrocarbon group, ZZ designates a non-aromatic mono- or polycyclic ring of 4 to 20 carbon atoms having a hemiacetal structure, k.sup.1=0 or 1, and k.sup.2=0 to 3. A resist composition comprising the polymer displays controlled acid diffusion and low roughness during both positive and negative tone developments. ##STR00001##

A polymer for resist use is obtainable from a hemiacetal compound having formula (1a) wherein R.sup.1 is H, CH.sub.3 or CF.sub.3, R.sup.2 to R.sup.4 each are H or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, X.sup.1 is a divalent hydrocarbon group, ZZ designates a non-aromatic mono- or polycyclic ring of 4 to 20 carbon atoms having a hemiacetal structure, k.sup.1=0 or 1, and k.sup.2=0 to 3. A resist composition comprising the polymer displays controlled acid diffusion and low roughness during both positive and negative tone developments. ##STR00001##

Detergents and cleaning agents containing an anionic surfactant of general formula (I), in which n is a number from 5 to 21 and X.sup.+ is a charge-balancing cation. Also disclosed are an agent or a use, characterized in that, in the compound of general formula (I), X.sup.+ is selected from the group including the proton, alkali metal cations and the group N.sup.+R.sup.1R.sup.2R.sup.3, where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are, independently of one another, hydrogen, an alkyl group with 1 to 6 C atoms or a hydroxyalkyl group with 2 to 6 C atoms.

Detergents and cleaning agents containing an anionic surfactant of general formula (I), in which n is a number from 5 to 21 and X.sup.+ is a charge-balancing cation. Also disclosed are an agent or a use, characterized in that, in the compound of general formula (I), X.sup.+ is selected from the group including the proton, alkali metal cations and the group N.sup.+R.sup.1R.sup.2R.sup.3, where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are, independently of one another, hydrogen, an alkyl group with 1 to 6 C atoms or a hydroxyalkyl group with 2 to 6 C atoms.

The invention provides a series of halogenated tetracyclic triterpene derivatives and their preparation and application. It is represented by the following general structural formula:

##STR00001##

R.sub.1 is halogen, R.sub.2 is H, and the halogen is selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine; or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each fluorine, and R.sub.3 is an amine, alcohol, amino acid, peptide or phosphate linked to oxygen through an acyl group.

The derivatives are relatively stable in rat whole blood through pharmacokinetic studies. The absolute bioavailability after a single intragastric administration for male and female rats was 15.6% and 28.4% respectively. The mean bioavailability was 22%. The derivatives showed better in vivo activities compared with the existing standard drugs enalapril and sacubitril valsartan sodium. Meanwhile, hydrophilic prodrugs of the tetracyclic triterpenoid derivatives in the present invention were prepared. The derivatives of the present invention can be used for preparing cardiovascular medicines.

Provided is a fluorine-containing polymer which has no perfluoroalkyl group of 4 or more carbon atoms and which, when formed together with a photoacid generator into a film, shows water repellency after film formation, but becomes hydrophilic by the action of an acid generated under light irradiation, and thus serves as a pattern forming material capable of forming a film with high sensitivity and resolution. A fluorine-containing polymer according to the present invention has a repeating unit of the formula (1) ##STR00001##
where R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group; R.sup.2 to R.sup.5 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group; X is a single bond or a divalent group; Y is a C.sub.1-C.sub.3 fluoroalkyl or carboxylate (—COOR) group; R is a C.sub.1-C.sub.3 fluoroalkyl group; and seven or less of hydrogen atoms contained in the substituent group may be substituted with fluorine.

Provided is a fluorine-containing polymer which has no perfluoroalkyl group of 4 or more carbon atoms and which, when formed together with a photoacid generator into a film, shows water repellency after film formation, but becomes hydrophilic by the action of an acid generated under light irradiation, and thus serves as a pattern forming material capable of forming a film with high sensitivity and resolution. A fluorine-containing polymer according to the present invention has a repeating unit of the formula (1) ##STR00001##
where R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group; R.sup.2 to R.sup.5 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group; X is a single bond or a divalent group; Y is a C.sub.1-C.sub.3 fluoroalkyl or carboxylate (—COOR) group; R is a C.sub.1-C.sub.3 fluoroalkyl group; and seven or less of hydrogen atoms contained in the substituent group may be substituted with fluorine.

The present invention relates to a method for removing undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for removing undifferentiated embryonic stem cells by using cardiac glycosides (CGs). The present invention also relates to a method for preparing differentiated cells in which undifferentiated embryonic stem cells have been removed and a method for cell therapy by using such differentiated cells.