Prodrugs of itaconic acid and 1- and 4-methyl itaconic acid and their use for treating a disease, disorder, or condition associated with inflammation are disclosed.

The present disclosure provides an improved shaped catalyst containing catalytic material comprised of mixed oxides of vanadium and phosphorus and using such shaped catalysts for the production of maleic anhydride.

The present disclosure provides an improved shaped catalyst containing catalytic material comprised of mixed oxides of vanadium and phosphorus and using such shaped catalysts for the production of maleic anhydride.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a surface treated filler material product with succinic anhydride(s), a surface treated filler material product, a polymer composition, a fiber and/or filament and/or film and/or thread comprising the surface treated filler material product and/or the polymer composition, an article comprising the surface treated filler material product and/or the polymer composition and/or the fiber and/or filament and/or film and/or thread as well as the use of a mono-substituted succinic anhydride for decreasing the hydrophilicity of a calcium carbonate-containing filler material surface and the use of a surface-treated filler material product for initiating the crosslinking reaction in epoxide resins.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a surface treated filler material product with succinic anhydride(s), a surface treated filler material product, a polymer composition, a fiber and/or filament and/or film and/or thread comprising the surface treated filler material product and/or the polymer composition, an article comprising the surface treated filler material product and/or the polymer composition and/or the fiber and/or filament and/or film and/or thread as well as the use of a mono-substituted succinic anhydride for decreasing the hydrophilicity of a calcium carbonate-containing filler material surface and the use of a surface-treated filler material product for initiating the crosslinking reaction in epoxide resins.

Methods are provided for modulating MRGPR X4 generally, or for treating a MRGPR X4 dependent condition more specifically, by contacting the MRGPR X4 or administering to a subject in need thereof, respectively, an effective amount of a compound having the structure of Formula (I):

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein n, x, A, Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2, Z, R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are as defined herein. Pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, as well as to compounds themselves, are also provided.

Disclosed herein are compounds and methods for regulating plant growth and/or combating root parasitic plants. Formulations containing one or more disclosed compounds or salts thereof, and one or more excipients are disclosed. Methods for regulating plant growth typically includes applying one or more formulations to a plant, a plant part, or a growing site of plant, where the one or more compounds or salts thereof can be in an effective amount to inhibit tillering, trigger senescence, and/or cause stunted growth of the plant. The plant can be a cereal, grain, or vegetable plant. Methods for combating root parasitic plants typically includes applying one or more formulations to a root parasitic plant, a plant part of root parasitic plant, or a growing site of root parasitic plant, where the one or more compounds or salts thereof can be in an effective amount to induce parasitic seed germination.

Disclosed herein are compounds and methods for regulating plant growth and/or combating root parasitic plants. Formulations containing one or more disclosed compounds or salts thereof, and one or more excipients are disclosed. Methods for regulating plant growth typically includes applying one or more formulations to a plant, a plant part, or a growing site of plant, where the one or more compounds or salts thereof can be in an effective amount to inhibit tillering, trigger senescence, and/or cause stunted growth of the plant. The plant can be a cereal, grain, or vegetable plant. Methods for combating root parasitic plants typically includes applying one or more formulations to a root parasitic plant, a plant part of root parasitic plant, or a growing site of root parasitic plant, where the one or more compounds or salts thereof can be in an effective amount to induce parasitic seed germination.

Provided are compounds that target the lanthionine synthetase C-like protein 2 pathway. The compounds can be used to treat a number of conditions, including infectious disease, autoimmune disease, diabetes, and a chronic inflammatory disease.

Provided are compounds that target the lanthionine synthetase C-like protein 2 pathway. The compounds can be used to treat a number of conditions, including infectious disease, autoimmune disease, diabetes, and a chronic inflammatory disease.