A liquid crystal compound is provided that satisfies at least one physical property, such as high stability to heat and light, a high clearing point (or high maximum temperature), a low minimum temperature of a liquid crystal phase, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, large negative dielectric anisotropy, a suitable elastic constant and good compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, a liquid crystal composition containing the compound, and a liquid crystal display device including the composition. The liquid crystal compound is represented by formula (1): ##STR00001##
in which, R.sup.a and R.sup.b are alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons; ring A.sup.1, ring A.sup.2 and ring A.sup.3 are 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene; and ring N.sup.1 is 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene; G is a divalent group represented by formula (pr-1) or (pr-2); ##STR00002##
in which, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Z.sup.3 and Z.sup.4 are a single bond; and a, b and c are 0, 1 or 2.

A liquid crystal compound is provided that satisfies at least one physical property, such as high stability to heat and light, a high clearing point (or high maximum temperature), a low minimum temperature of a liquid crystal phase, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, large negative dielectric anisotropy, a suitable elastic constant and good compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, a liquid crystal composition containing the compound, and a liquid crystal display device including the composition. The liquid crystal compound is represented by formula (1): ##STR00001##
in which, R.sup.a and R.sup.b are alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons; ring A.sup.1, ring A.sup.2 and ring A.sup.3 are 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene; and ring N.sup.1 is 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene; G is a divalent group represented by formula (pr-1) or (pr-2); ##STR00002##
in which, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Z.sup.3 and Z.sup.4 are a single bond; and a, b and c are 0, 1 or 2.

Processes of forming C.sub.sp2C.sub.sp3 bonds at the allylic carbon of a cyclic allylic compound starting material are disclosed, in which a racemic mixture of a cyclic allylic compound having a leaving group attached to the allylic carbon is reacted with a compound having a nucleophilic carbon atom in the presence of a Rh(I), Pd(II) or Cu(I) pre-catalyst and a chiral ligand. The reaction products containing the newly-formed C.sub.sp2C.sub.sp3 bond are generated in high stereoisomeric excess, and may therefore serve as important organic building blocks in the preparation of new agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals.

Processes of forming C.sub.sp2C.sub.sp3 bonds at the allylic carbon of a cyclic allylic compound starting material are disclosed, in which a racemic mixture of a cyclic allylic compound having a leaving group attached to the allylic carbon is reacted with a compound having a nucleophilic carbon atom in the presence of a Rh(I), Pd(II) or Cu(I) pre-catalyst and a chiral ligand. The reaction products containing the newly-formed C.sub.sp2C.sub.sp3 bond are generated in high stereoisomeric excess, and may therefore serve as important organic building blocks in the preparation of new agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals.

The present invention is directed to novel aldehyde compounds and a method of improving, enhancing or modifying a fragrance formulation through the addition of an olfactory acceptable amount of the novel aldehyde compounds.

The present invention is directed to novel aldehyde compounds and a method of improving, enhancing or modifying a fragrance formulation through the addition of an olfactory acceptable amount of the novel aldehyde compounds.

Processes of forming C.sub.sp2C.sub.sp3 bonds at the allylic carbon of a cyclic allylic compound starting material are disclosed, in which a racemic mixture of a cyclic allylic compound having a leaving group attached to the allylic carbon is reacted with a compound having a nucleophilic carbon atom in the presence of a Rh(I), Pd(II) or Cu(I) pre-catalyst and a chiral ligand. The reaction products containing the newly-formed C.sub.sp2C.sub.sp3 bond are generated in high stereoisomeric excess, and may therefore serve as important organic building blocks in the preparation of new agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals.

Provided are novel compounds of Formula (I):

##STR00001##

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which are useful for treating a variety of diseases, disorders or conditions, associated with LSD1. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the novel compounds of Formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and methods for their use in treating one or more diseases, disorders or conditions, associated with LSD1.

The present invention provides a compound containing a modified phenolic hydroxy group, which has a molecular structure represented by General Formula (1) except for a molecular structure represented by the following General Formula (2). ##STR00001##
In the formulas, R.sup.1 represents a tertiary alkyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group, an aryloxyalkyl group, an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, a cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing a hetero atom, or a trialkylsilyl group; R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group which may have a substituent, an aralkyl group which may have a substituent, or a halogen atom; and R.sup.3 represents an alkyl group which may have a substituent or an aryl group which may have a substituent.

The present invention is directed to novel aldehyde compounds and a method of improving, enhancing or modifying a fragrance formulation through the addition of an olfactory acceptable amount of the novel aldehyde compounds.