A polymer compound is provided which is changed from a water-insoluble state to a water-soluble state by irradiation with light. The polymer compound is represented by Formula (5), where A and B are a single bond or a functional group, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.9 are hydrogen or an alkyl group, and R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are hydrogen, an alkyl group, or the like.

Disclosed herein, inter alia, are methods of making polyketide compounds.

Disclosed herein, inter alia, are methods of making polyketide compounds.

A method for synthesizing a fluorovinyl ether compound from a fluorine-containing vinyl compound. Specifically, a method for producing a compound represented by formula (1), comprising step A of reacting a compound represented by formula (2) with a compound represented by formula (3) in the presence of a transition metal catalyst: ##STR00001## ##STR00002## ##STR00003##
wherein the substituents are defined in the disclosure.

A hydrophilic polymer derivative having a cyclic benzylidene acetal linker represented by the following formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.6 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group; R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently an electron-withdrawing or electron-donating substituent or a hydrogen atom; X.sup.1 is a chemically reactive functional group; P is a hydrophilic polymer; s is 1 or 2, t is 0 or 1, and s+t is 1 or 2; w is an integer of 1 to 8; and Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are each independently a selected divalent spacer.

A hydrophilic polymer derivative having a cyclic benzylidene acetal linker represented by the following formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.6 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group; R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently an electron-withdrawing or electron-donating substituent or a hydrogen atom; X.sup.1 is a chemically reactive functional group; P is a hydrophilic polymer; s is 1 or 2, t is 0 or 1, and s+t is 1 or 2; w is an integer of 1 to 8; and Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are each independently a selected divalent spacer.

Disclosed are (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl 2-bromo-2,2-difluoroacetate, a waterborne polyurethane, and preparation methods thereof. The (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl 2-bromo-2,2-difluoroacetate could be used as a modified monomer for preparing a waterborne polyurethane, and substituents at a C2 position of the (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl 2-bromo-2,2-difluoroacetate are two fluorine atoms and one bromine atom. When it is used for preparing the waterborne polyurethane, fluorine and bromine groups are introduced into the structure of the waterborne polyurethane, and the resultant waterborne polyurethane exhibits good moisture resistance and flame retardance.

Disclosed are (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl 2-bromo-2,2-difluoroacetate, a waterborne polyurethane, and preparation methods thereof. The (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl 2-bromo-2,2-difluoroacetate could be used as a modified monomer for preparing a waterborne polyurethane, and substituents at a C2 position of the (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl 2-bromo-2,2-difluoroacetate are two fluorine atoms and one bromine atom. When it is used for preparing the waterborne polyurethane, fluorine and bromine groups are introduced into the structure of the waterborne polyurethane, and the resultant waterborne polyurethane exhibits good moisture resistance and flame retardance.

The present invention provides a method for controlling a soybean rust fungus having an amino acid substitution of F129L on mitochondrial cytochrome b protein. According to the present invention, a compound represented by formula (I) [wherein R.sup.1 represents a C1-C3 chain hydrocarbon group and so on, n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, and when is 2 or 3, a plural of R.sup.2 may be identical to or different from each other, and R.sup.2 represents a C1-C3 chain hydrocarbon group and so on, Q represents a group represented by Q1 (where • represents a binding site to a benzene ring) and so on, L.sup.1 represents CH.sub.2 or an oxygen atom, and E represents a C1-C6 alkyl group and so on.] can use to control a soybean rust fungus having an amino acid substitution of F129L on mitochondrial cytochrome b protein.

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Disclosed herein are analogues of itraconazole that are potent hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitors. The compounds are expected to be useful in the treatment of cell proliferation disorders such as cancer, particularly cancers that are dependent upon the hedgehog signaling pathway such as basal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma.