An object of the present invention is to provide a constitutive 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacteria offering excellent maximum relative rates of degradation of 1,4-dioxane. As a means for achieving the object, the present invention provides a constitutive 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacteria being strain N23 deposited as Accession No. NITE BP-02032.

The manufacturing method of the 1,4-dioxane derivative represented by Formula (2) and/or Formula (10) includes reacting water, an inorganic base, and a fluoroalkene oxide represented by Formula (1). The manufacturing method of the (1,3-dioxolane)-2-carboxylic acid derivative includes manufacturing the 1,4-dioxane derivative represented by Formula (2) and/or Formula (10) by the above manufacturing method and a manufacturing method of the (1,3-dioxolane)-2-carboxylic acid derivative includes manufacturing the 1,4-dioxane derivative represented by Formula (2) and/or Formula (10) comprising ring reduction under heating. In Formula (1), R represents a fluorine atom or a fluoroalkyl group. In Formula (2) and in Formula (10), R represents a fluorine atom or a fluoroalkyl group, two R's present are the same as or different from each other, and M.sup.+ represents a counter cation.

##STR00001##

The manufacturing method of the 1,4-dioxane derivative represented by Formula (2) and/or Formula (10) includes reacting water, an inorganic base, and a fluoroalkene oxide represented by Formula (1). The manufacturing method of the (1,3-dioxolane)-2-carboxylic acid derivative includes manufacturing the 1,4-dioxane derivative represented by Formula (2) and/or Formula (10) by the above manufacturing method and a manufacturing method of the (1,3-dioxolane)-2-carboxylic acid derivative includes manufacturing the 1,4-dioxane derivative represented by Formula (2) and/or Formula (10) comprising ring reduction under heating. In Formula (1), R represents a fluorine atom or a fluoroalkyl group. In Formula (2) and in Formula (10), R represents a fluorine atom or a fluoroalkyl group, two R's present are the same as or different from each other, and M.sup.+ represents a counter cation.

##STR00001##

An object of the present invention is to provide a constitutive 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacteria offering excellent maximum relative rates of degradation of 1,4-dioxane. As a means for achieving the object, the present invention provides a constitutive 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacteria being strain N23 deposited as Accession No. NITE BP-02032.

Disclosed are a class of compounds as inhibitors of kinases such as TRK, c-MET, AXL, MER and/or VEGFR2, compositions and use thereof. In particular, disclosed are a class of compounds (as shown in formula (1)) or isomers, solvates, hydrates, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and prodrugs thereof having strong inhibition activities for kinases such as TRK, c-MET, AXL, MER and/or VEGFR2, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds. Also disclosed is use of the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions in the preparation of a medicament for treating autoimmune diseases or cancers. ##STR00001##

The present invention provides a method for directly producing lactide by subjecting lactic acid to a dehydration reaction in the presence of a catalyst comprising a tin compound, preferably, a tin (IV) compound, wherein lactide can be produced directly or by one step from lactic acid, without going through the step of producing or separating lactic acid oligomer. The method of the present invention has advantages of causing no loss of lactic acid, having a high conversion ratio to lactic acid and a high selectivity to optically pure lactide, and maintaining a long life time of the catalyst. Further, since lactic acid oligomer is not or hardly generated and the selectivity of meso-lactide is low, the method also has an advantage that the cost for removing or purifying this can be saved.

The present invention provides a method for directly producing lactide by subjecting lactic acid to a dehydration reaction in the presence of a catalyst comprising a tin compound, preferably, a tin (IV) compound, wherein lactide can be produced directly or by one step from lactic acid, without going through the step of producing or separating lactic acid oligomer. The method of the present invention has advantages of causing no loss of lactic acid, having a high conversion ratio to lactic acid and a high selectivity to optically pure lactide, and maintaining a long life time of the catalyst. Further, since lactic acid oligomer is not or hardly generated and the selectivity of meso-lactide is low, the method also has an advantage that the cost for removing or purifying this can be saved.

The present invention provides a method for directly producing lactide by subjecting lactic acid to a dehydration reaction in the presence of a catalyst comprising a tin compound, preferably, a tin (IV) compound, wherein lactide can be produced directly or by one step from lactic acid, without going through the step of producing or separating lactic acid oligomer. The method of the present invention has advantages of causing no loss of lactic acid, having a high conversion ratio to lactic acid and a high selectivity to optically pure lactide, and maintaining a long life time of the catalyst. Further, since lactic acid oligomer is not or hardly generated and the selectivity of meso-lactide is low, the method also has an advantage that the cost for removing or purifying this can be saved.

The present invention provides a method for directly producing lactide by subjecting lactic acid to a dehydration reaction in the presence of a catalyst comprising a tin compound, preferably, a tin (IV) compound, wherein lactide can be produced directly or by one step from lactic acid, without going through the step of producing or separating lactic acid oligomer. The method of the present invention has advantages of causing no loss of lactic acid, having a high conversion ratio to lactic acid and a high selectivity to optically pure lactide, and maintaining a long life time of the catalyst. Further, since lactic acid oligomer is not or hardly generated and the selectivity of meso-lactide is low, the method also has an advantage that the cost for removing or purifying this can be saved.