The present invention discloses a compound of formula (I),

##STR00001##

wherein, R.sup.1, L.sup.1, A, k, L.sup.2, W, L.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are as defined in the detailed description. The present invention further discloses a process for preparing the compound of formula (I).

The present invention relates to pyrimidinium compounds of formula (I), to the stereoisomers, salts, tautomers and N-oxides thereof, their mixtures and to compositions comprising such compounds or mixtures. The invention also relates to methods and uses of these pyrimidinium compounds and of compositions thereof, for combating and controlling animal pests. Furthermore, the invention relates also to pesticidal methods of applying such substituted pyrimidinium compounds.

The pyrimidinium compounds of the present invention are defined by the following general formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and Het are defined as in the description.

The present disclosure relates to fungicidal active compounds, more specifically to benzosultams and analogues thereof, processes and, intermediates for their preparation and use thereof as fungicidal active compound, particularly in the form of fungicide compositions. The present disclosure also relates to methods for the control of phytopathogenic fungi of plants using these compounds or compositions comprising thereof.

An organic compound is described. An organic electroluminescence device comprises the organic compound as a host or an electron transfer layer. The organic compound of the following formula may lower a driving voltage or increase a current efficiency or a half-life of the organic electroluminescence device.

##STR00001##

The same definition as described in the present invention.

An organic compound is described. An organic electroluminescence device comprises the organic compound as a host or an electron transfer layer. The organic compound of the following formula may lower a driving voltage or increase a current efficiency or a half-life of the organic electroluminescence device.

##STR00001##

The same definition as described in the present invention.

The invention discloses a tetramethyl-7,7′-spirobiindane-based phosphinooxazoline ligand compound and its preparation method and use. The phosphinooxazoline ligand compound is a compound having a structure shown in general formula I or an enantiomer, a raceme or a diastereoisomer thereof. The phosphinooxazoline ligand obtained through a series of reaction steps using cheap and easily available 3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-1,1′-spirobiindane-6,6′-diol as a starting material. The novel phosphinooxazoline ligand developed in the invention can be used to organic catalytic reactions, especially as a chiral phosphinooxazoline ligand widely used in metal-asymmetric catalytic reactions, having economical practicality and industrial application prospects. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a process for preparing optically active compounds of formula X and intermediates thereof, ##STR00001##
wherein the variables of compound of formula X are as defined in the claims and the description.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing optically active compounds of formula X and intermediates thereof, ##STR00001##
wherein the variables of compound of formula X are as defined in the claims and the description.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing optically active compounds of formula X and intermediates thereof, ##STR00001##
wherein the variables of compound of formula X are as defined in the claims and the description.

Provided are a condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 and an organic light-emitting device including the same:

##STR00001##

wherein, in Formula 1, X.sub.1, A.sub.1, L.sub.11, a11, Ar.sub.11, Ar.sub.12, b11, R.sub.11, R.sub.12, c11, and c12 are the same as defined in the specification.