The present invention relates to pyrimidinium compounds of formula (I), to the stereoisomers, salts, tautomers and N-oxides thereof, their mixtures and to compositions comprising such compounds or mixtures. The invention also relates to methods and uses of these pyrimidinium compounds and of compositions thereof, for combating and controlling animal pests. Furthermore, the invention relates also to pesticidal methods of applying such substituted pyrimidinium compounds. The pyrimidinium compounds of the present invention are defined by the following general formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein R1, R2 and Het are defined as in the description.

Provided are a condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 and an organic light-emitting device including the same: ##STR00001##
wherein, in Formula 1, X.sub.1, A.sub.1, L.sub.11, a11, Ar.sub.11, Ar.sub.12, b11, R.sub.11, R.sub.12, c11, and c12 are the same as defined in the specification.

Provided are a condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 and an organic light-emitting device including the same: ##STR00001##
wherein, in Formula 1, X.sub.1, A.sub.1, L.sub.11, a11, Ar.sub.11, Ar.sub.12, b11, R.sub.11, R.sub.12, c11, and c12 are the same as defined in the specification.

The present invention relates to pyrimidinium compounds of formula (1), to the stereoisomers, salts, tautomers and N-oxides thereof, their mixtures and to compositions comprising such compounds or mixtures. The invention also relates to methods and uses of these pyrimidinium compounds and of compositions thereof, for combating and controlling animal pests. Furthermore, the invention relates also to pesticidal methods of applying such substituted pyrimidinium compounds.

The pyrimidinium compounds of the present invention are defined by the following general formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and Het are defined as in the description.

The present invention generally relates to new compounds for therapeutic uses. In particular, the disclosed series compounds with immunomodulatory activities are useful for treatment of dysfunctions of the immune system and various cancers. Pharmaceutical composition matters and methods for treating a patient with an immune disease and/or a cancer by administering therapeutically effective amounts of such compound alone or together with other therapeutics are within the scope of this disclosure.

The present invention generally relates to new compounds for therapeutic uses. In particular, the disclosed series compounds with immunomodulatory activities are useful for treatment of dysfunctions of the immune system and various cancers. Pharmaceutical composition matters and methods for treating a patient with an immune disease and/or a cancer by administering therapeutically effective amounts of such compound alone or together with other therapeutics are within the scope of this disclosure.

Disclosed are substituted indole compounds and compositions. The substituted indole compounds and compositions can be used for treating or preventing acute renal failure in a subject. The compounds and compositions can also be used for treating an infectious disease or cancer.

The present invention relates to bifunctional compounds, compositions, and methods for treating diseases or conditions mediated by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1). In some aspects, the present invention is directed to methods of treating diseases or disorders involving dysfunctional (e.g., dysregulated) KEAP1 activity, that entails administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a bifunctional compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof, to a subject in need thereof.

The present invention relates to bifunctional compounds, compositions, and methods for treating diseases or conditions mediated by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1). In some aspects, the present invention is directed to methods of treating diseases or disorders involving dysfunctional (e.g., dysregulated) KEAP1 activity, that entails administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a bifunctional compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof, to a subject in need thereof.

The present invention discloses a compound of formula (I),

##STR00001##

wherein, R.sup.1, L.sup.1, A, k, L.sup.2, W, L.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are as defined in the detailed description. The present invention further discloses a process for preparing the compound of formula (I).