Disclosed are pharmaceutical salts and co-crystals of pentoxifylline, clonidine and linsidomine with caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid or α-lipoic acid, and method for preparing thereof. Also disclosed are topical compositions comprising said salts or co-crystals and use thereof for treating pain.

The invention discloses a method for preparations of fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkylated compounds by homogeneous Pd catalyzed fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkylation with fluoro, chloro and fluorochloroalkyl halides in the presence of di(1-adamantyl)-adamantyl-n-butylphosphine and in the presence of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperdine 1-oxyl.

The invention discloses a method for preparations of fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkylated compounds by homogeneous Pd catalyzed fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkylation with fluoro, chloro and fluorochloroalkyl halides in the presence of di(1-adamantyl)-adamantyl-n-butylphosphine and in the presence of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperdine 1-oxyl.

The present invention provides a nucleoside derivative for preventing and treating inflammation and an application thereof in the preparation of a drug for preventing and treating inflammatory diseases. The nucleoside derivative for preventing and treating inflammation provided by the present invention can significantly ameliorate conditions of pancreatitis, hepatitis, arthritis and the like, ameliorate organ injury and inflammatory indexes, and have better effects than positive control drug, indometacin. Compared with the conventional anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin, ibuprofen, indomethacin, phenylbutazone, diclofenac, piroxicam and glucocorticoids, the nucleoside derivative for preventing and treating inflammation provided by the present invention has the advantage of significantly fewer side effects.

The invention discloses a method for preparation of alkylated, fluoro alkylated, chloro alkylated and fluorochloro alkylated compounds by a heterogeneous Co-catalysed alkylation or fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkylation with alkyl halides, fluoro alkyl halides, chloro alkyl halides or fluorochloro alkyl halides respectively.

The invention discloses a method for preparation of alkylated, fluoro alkylated, chloro alkylated and fluorochloro alkylated compounds by a heterogeneous Co-catalysed alkylation or fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkylation with alkyl halides, fluoro alkyl halides, chloro alkyl halides or fluorochloro alkyl halides respectively.

Disclosed are pharmaceutical salts and co-crystals of pentoxifylline, clonidine and linsidomine with caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid or -lipoic acid, and method for preparing thereof. Also disclosed are topical compositions comprising said salts or co-crystals and use thereof for treating pain.

The present invention relates to a composition for culturing organoids and a method for culturing organoids by using the same. Since the present invention includes a compound, which can replace an essential protein component in a conventional medium, consistent stability during organoid culturing can be maintained and culturing can be performed at low cost.

The present invention relates to a composition for culturing organoids and a method for culturing organoids by using the same. Since the present invention includes a compound, which can replace an essential protein component in a conventional medium, consistent stability during organoid culturing can be maintained and culturing can be performed at low cost.

The invention discloses a method for preparation of alkylated, fluoro alkylated, chloro alkylated and fluorochloro alkylated compounds by a heterogeneous Co-catalysed alkylation or fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkylation with alkyl halides, fluoro alkyl halides, chloro alkyl halides or fluorochloro alkyl halides respectively.