The invention relates to a new dialkyl tin oxide catalyst composition and its use for the synthesis of amino alkyl (meth)acrylates by transesterification from an alkyl (meth)acrylates and an amino alcohol, and especially 2-dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate.

The invention also relates to polymers made with quaternized amino alkyl (meth)acrylates and use of said polymers in water treatment, sludge dewatering, papermaking process, agriculture, cosmetic and detergency composition, textile process, oil and gas recovery process such as enhanced oil recovery, fracturing, mining operation such as tailings treatment.

Tin(IV)-117m is reduced by an acidic antimony solution to tin(II)-117m. A chelant is added to the solution of tin(II)-117m, and the pH is raised, forming tin(II)-117m chelant complex. The chelant is a bifunctional chelant, preferably attached to a bioactive molecule and reacted with the tin(II)-117m to form a radiopharmaceutical.

A process comprising: (a) contacting a feed stream comprising a di-alkyltin dihalide distillate with an alkylation agent, thereby forming an alkylated mixture comprising R.sub.4Sn and optionally R.sub.3SnX, R.sub.2SnX.sub.2, or mixtures thereof, where R is a linear, branched or cyclic C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl, and X is a halide; (b) contacting the alkylated mixture with SnX.sub.4, thereby forming an alkyltin halide mixture comprising RSnX.sub.3, R.sub.2SnX.sub.2, and optionally impurities, R.sub.3SnX or mixtures thereof; (c) separating by distillation the alkyltin halide mixture to form a mono-alkyltin halide-rich distillate stream and a liquid di-alkyltin halide-rich bottoms stream comprising R.sub.2SnX.sub.2, RSnX.sub.3, and optionally impurities, R.sub.3SnX, or mixtures thereof; (d) separating by distillation the di-alkyltin halide-rich bottoms stream, thereby forming the liquid di-alkyltin dihalide distillate comprising R.sub.2SnX.sub.2, and optionally RSnX.sub.3, R.sub.3SnX or mixtures thereof, and an impurities-rich bottoms stream; and (e) recycling a part, x.sub.recycle, of the liquid di-alkyltin dihalide distillate to step (a), where x.sub.recycle ranges from greater than 0.0% to 100.0% of the distillate.

The purification of monoalkyl tin trialkoxides and monoalkyl tin triamides are described using fractional distillation and/or ultrafiltration. The purified compositions are useful as radiation sensitive patterning compositions or precursors thereof. The fractional distillation process has been found to be effective for the removal of metal impurities down to very low levels. The ultrafiltration processes have been found to be effective at removal of fine particulates. Commercially practical processing techniques are described.

A method for determining the purity of a sample comprising a monoalkyl tin triamide compound and optionally dialkyl tin diamide, tetraalkyl tin, and tetrakis(dialkylamido)tin compounds using gas chromatography is provided. The total content of dialkyl tin diamide, tetraalkyl tin, and tetrakis(dialkylamido)tin compounds detectable by the method may be less than about 40 ppm.

Monoalkyl tin triamide compounds having purity of at least about 99 mol % and the chemical formula RSn(NMe.sub.2).sub.3 are described. R.sup.1 is selected from R.sup.A, R.sup.B, and R.sup.C; R.sup.A is a primary alkyl group having about 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.B is a secondary alkyl group having about 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and R.sup.C is a tertiary alkyl group having about 3 to 10 carbon atoms; each R.sup.2 is independently an alkyl group having about 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and a content of R.sup.1Sn(NR.sup.2.sub.2).sub.2(N(R.sup.2)CH.sub.2NR.sup.2.sub.2) is less than about 1 mol %. Methods for synthesizing, purifying, and storing these compounds are also provided. The monoalkyl tin compounds may be used for the formation of high-resolution EUV lithography patterning precursors and are attractive due to their high purity and minimal concentration of dialkyl tin and other tin impurities.

Novel Stannic protoporfin compositions exhibiting high purity and other characteristics, including a novel solubility profile and visual indicators suggesting increase pharmacological activity, including enhanced antiviral activity. Also disclosed are novel processes for making Stannic protoporfin according to a process that requires fewer steps than known processes.

Synthesis techniques are described for forming organotin trialkoxide compounds via direct alkylation of tin alkoxides. A first method involves reacting an alkali metal tin trialkoxide with an organohalide compound (RX.sub.n, where X is a halide atom and n?1) to form a monoorgano tin trialkoxide represented by the formula R[Sn(OR).sub.3].sub.n. The method can be used to form polytin trialkoxide compounds with a plurality of radiation sensitive CSn bonds. R and R include organo groups and can optionally comprise hetero-atoms and/or unsaturated bonds. A second method involves the ultraviolet light-driven reaction of a di-tin tetraalkoxide with an organohalide compound (RX) to form a monoorgano trialkoxide represented by the formula RSn(OR).sub.3. A third method involves the visible or ultraviolet light-driven reaction of a di-tin tetraalkoxide or an alkali metal tin trialkoxide with an fluorinated organohalide compound (R.sup.FX) to form a fluorinated monoorgano trialkoxide represented by the formula R.sup.FSn(OR).sub.3. The disclosed methods provide for high mono-organo specificity. Corresponding organotin trialkoxide compositions are also described. The compositions are useful for radiation patterning, especially with EUV radiation. The organotin trialkoxide compositions may be formed as radiation-patternable coatings on substrates.

The purification of monoalkyl tin trialkoxides and monoalkyl tin triamides are described using fractional distillation and/or ultrafiltration. The purified compositions are useful as radiation sensitive patterning compositions or precursors thereof. The fractional distillation process has been found to be effective for the removal of metal impurities down to very low levels. The ultrafiltration processes have been found to be effective at removal of fine particulates. Commercially practical processing techniques are described.

The invention relates to a new dialkyl tin oxide catalyst composition and its use for the synthesis of amino alkyl (meth)acrylates by transesterification from an alkyl (meth)acrylates and an amino alcohol, and especially 2-dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate. The invention also relates to polymers made with quaternized amino alkyl (meth)acrylates and use of said polymers in water treatment, sludge dewatering, papermaking process, agriculture, cosmetic and detergency composition, textile process, oil and gas recovery process such as enhanced oil recovery, fracturing, mining operation such as tailings treatment.