An azide-containing cross-linker and method of preparing the same are provided. Such cross-linker can be used as an intermediate in a scalable production of a cross-linked hemoglobin protein having its beta subunits covalently linked to the azide-containing cross-linker. The present disclosure also pertains to a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC) comprising a pair of azide cross-linked hemoglobin proteins coupled by a copper (I) catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) and a method for preparing the same. The HBOC may be used in a method for increasing oxygen transport or for use in transfusions or perfusions.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides carbonate prodrugs which comprise a carbonic phosphoric anhydride prodrug moiety attached to the hydroxyl or carboxyl group of a parent drug moiety. The prodrugs may provide improved physicochemical properties over the parent drug. Also provided are methods of treating a disease or condition that is responsive to the parent drug using the carbonate prodrugs, as well as kits and unit dosages.

The present invention provides carbonate prodrugs which comprise a carbonic phosphoric anhydride prodrug moiety attached to the hydroxyl or carboxyl group of a parent drug moiety. The prodrugs may provide improved physicochemical properties over the parent drug. Also provided are methods of treating a disease or condition that is responsive to the parent drug using the carbonate prodrugs, as well as kits and unit dosages.