The present invention relates to a method for the industrial preparation of ((2S)-3-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-((((R)-1-aminoethyl)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)methyl)propanoyl)-L-alanine acid of following formula (E):

##STR00001##

from (S)-1-phenylethylamine via a multi-step synthesis.

The present invention pertains to a method for the industrial preparation of the disodium salt of ((2S)-3-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-((hydroxy((1R)-1-(((1-(isobutyryloxy)ethoxy)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)phosphoryl)methyl)propanoyl)-L-alanine of following formula (I):

##STR00002##

in two additional steps from the compound (E) such as defined above.

The present invention also pertains to a method for diastereoisomeric enrichment of the intermediates of the method for the industrial preparation of the compound of formula (E) of the present invention.

A surface treatment agent including a compound represented by the general formula HO—P(═O)R.sup.1R.sup.2 in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently bonded to the phosphorus atom and are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a fluorinated alkyl group, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, provided that R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are not hydrogen atoms at the same time, and an organic solvent.

The invention relates to a mixture of at least one dialkylphosphinic acid of the formula (I)

##STR00001##

in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 are the same or different and are each C.sub.1-C.sub.18-alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.18-alkenyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.18-aryl, C.sub.7-C.sub.18-alkylaryl, with at least one different dialkylphosphinic acid of the formula (II)

##STR00002##

in which R.sup.3, R.sup.4 are the same or different and are each C.sub.1-C.sub.18-alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.18-alkenyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.18-aryl and/or C.sub.7-C.sub.18-alkylaryl, with the proviso that at least one of the R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 radicals is different than R.sup.1 and R.sup.2.

Improved methods for the removal of heavy metals, in particular cadmium, from an aqueous phosphoric acid containing composition, wherein an organothiophosphorous heavy metal precipitating agent and an ionic polymeric surfactant, particularly a cationic polyacrylamide copolymer surfactant, are both added to a phosphoric acid containing composition, particularly under vigorous mixing conditions, such as between 500 and 700 rpm. The ionic polymeric surfactant promotes the precipitation of the heavy metals. More in particular, the phosphoric acid containing composition is obtained by the acid digestion of phosphate rock, preferably by nitric acid, sulfuric acid, or a combination thereof.

Compositions and methods for isolating L-glufosinate from a composition comprising L-glufosinate and glutamate are provided. The method comprises converting the glutamate to pyroglutamate followed by the isolation of L-glufosinate from the pyroglutamate and other components of the composition to obtain substantially purified L-glufosinate. The composition comprising L-glufosinate and glutamate is subjected to an elevated temperature for a sufficient time to allow for the conversion of glutamate to pyroglutamate, followed by the isolation of L-glufosinate from the pyroglutamate and other components of the composition to obtain substantially purified L-glufosinate. The glutamate alternatively may be converted to pyroglutamate by enzymatic conversion. The purified L-glufosinate is present in a final composition at a concentration of 90% or greater of the sum of L-glufosinate, glutamate, and pyroglutamate. In some embodiments, a portion of the glutamate in the starting composition may be separated from the L-glufosinate using a crystallization step. Solid forms of L-glufosinate materials, including crystalline L-glufosinate ammonium, are also described.

Benzyl derivative compounds having peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonistic activity, kits and compositions containing such compounds, and methods of their use in enhancing PPARα activity for treating diseases and/or conditions involving inflammation and/or angiogenesis, particularly ocular diseases and/or conditions such as but not limited to retinal inflammation, retinal neovascularization, retinal vascular leakage, retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic macular edema.

A polymer composition includes a conductive polymer and at least one stretchability and electrical conductivity (STEC) enhancer, wherein a content of the STEC enhancer in the composition is at least about 1 wt. % of the composition.

Compositions and methods for isolating L-glufosinate from a composition comprising L-glufosinate and glutamate are provided. The method comprises converting the glutamate to pyroglutamate followed by the isolation of L-glufosinate from the pyroglutamate and other components of the composition to obtain substantially purified L-glufosinate. The composition comprising L-glufosinate and glutamate is subjected to an elevated temperature for a sufficient time to allow for the conversion of glutamate to pyroglutamate, followed by the isolation of L-glufosinate from the pyroglutamate and other components of the composition to obtain substantially purified L-glufosinate. The glutamate alternatively may be converted to pyroglutamate by enzymatic conversion. The purified L-glufosinate is present in a final composition at a concentration of 90% or greater of the sum of L-glufosinate, glutamate, and pyroglutamate. In some embodiments, a portion of the glutamate in the starting composition may be separated from the L-glufosinate using a crystallization step. Solid forms of L-glufosinate materials, including crystalline L-glufosinate ammonium, are also described.

The invention relates to an organic phosphorous compound flame retardant, their preparation methods and applications. The organic phosphorous compound flame retardants are prepared by drop-wise adding at least one from the soluble salts of di-alkyl hypophosphorous acid or soluble salts of mono-alkyl hypophosphorous acid as well as at least one from the soluble salts of alkyl phosphorous acid or soluble salts of phosphorous acid into the solution of soluble non-halogen salt of II-IV valent metal to react, or drop-wise adding at least one from the di-alkyl hypophosphorous acid or mono-alkyl hypophosphorous acid, and at least one from the alkyl phosphorous acid or phosphorous acid into at least one from the active oxides or hydroxides of II-IV valent metal to react.

Provided are a method for preparing L-glufosinate and the intermediate compounds of formula (V) and formula (III).