Phosphonate linkers and their use for delivering compounds with passive cell permeability into a cell wherein the phosphonate group facilitates cellular retention of the compound are described.

An electronic switching element is described having, in sequence, a first electrode, a molecular layer bonded to a substrate, and a second electrode. The molecular layer contains compounds of formula I, R.sup.1-(A.sup.1-Z.sup.1).sub.r—B.sup.1—(Z.sup.2-A.sup.2).sub.s-Sp-G, wherein A.sup.1, A.sup.2, B.sup.1, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Sp, G, r, and s are as defined herein, in which a mesogenic radical is bonded to the substrate via a spacer group, Sp, by means of an anchor group, G. The switching element is suitable for production of components that can operate as a memristive device for digital information storage.

Phosphonate linkers and their use for delivering compounds with passive cell permeability into a cell wherein the phosphonate group facilitates cellular retention of the compound are described.

The invention provides novel pyrophosphate synthase inhibitors of formula I and formula II as well salts thereof; the invention also provides compositions comprising such inhibitors and methods for their use. ##STR00001##

Certain phosphonic acid salts heated at temperatures over 200° C. generate thermally stable, highly efficient flame retardant materials well suited for use as flame retardant additives in polymers. The flame retardants of the invention can be used as the sole flame retardant in a composition or in combination with other flame retardants, synergists or adjuvants.

An electrode suitable for constructing an electrochemical double layer capacitor and/or supercapacitor is provided that includes an electrode material a metal organic framework (MOF), wherein the MOF includes an inorganic building unit including metal atoms selected from group 1 to group 12 elements, and functional groups of organic linkers including oxygen (O) and one or more atoms selected from the group comprising phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), silicon (Si), selenium (Se) and bismuth (Bi). The functional groups of the organic linkers can include phosphonate, arsonate, phosphonic acid, phosphinic acid, arsonic acids and/or arsinic acids, monoester and/or diester forms thereof. Further, the metal atoms may be selected from zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), gold (Au) and silver (Ag). The use of the MOF as a semiconductor in semiconductor applications, a semiconductive device, such as a photovoltaic cell, including the MOF are also provided.

An electronic switching element is described having, in sequence, a first electrode, a molecular layer bonded to a substrate, and a second electrode. The molecular layer contains compounds of formula I, R.sup.1-(A.sup.1-Z.sup.1).sub.r—B.sup.1—(Z.sup.2-A.sup.2).sub.s-Sp-G, wherein A.sup.1, A.sup.2, B.sup.1, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Sp, G, r, and s are as defined herein, in which a mesogenic radical is bonded to the substrate via a spacer group, Sp, by means of an anchor group, G. The switching element is suitable for production of components that can operate as a memristive device for digital information storage.

An electrochromic element including a first electrode, second electrode facing the first electrode with gap, electrolyte layer between the first and second electrodes, and layer including a compound represented by General Formula (1) where the layer is on or above the first electrode,

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where R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 are each a monovalent organic group wherein no hydrogen atom is at a benzyl site where the monovalent group may include a polymerizable functional group; and R.sub.5 to R.sub.28 are each a hydrogen atom, alkyl or alkoxy group where R.sub.25 and R.sub.28, or R.sub.26 and R.sub.27 may be bonded to form a structure represented by General Formula (2),

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where R.sub.29 and R.sub.30 are each an alkyl, alkoxy or aryl group, and R.sub.29 and R.sub.30 may be bonded via a common bond to form a cyclic structure when R.sub.29 and R.sub.30 are aryl groups.

Methods for stabilizing one or more peroxide compounds in solution comprising adding to the solution an effective amount of at least one compound selected from the group comprising (i) cyclic carbonates; (ii) poly-phosphonic acid chelating agents and salts thereof, and alkaline pH adjusting agents with a pKb value of up to 3.0, wherein the w/w ratio of the poly-phosphonic acid chelating agent or salt thereof to alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide is from about 1:1 to about 50:1; and (iii) mixtures thereof. Also disclosed are solutions comprising the above compounds, uses of the above compounds to stabilize peroxide compounds in solutions, and compounds recited above for use as novel stabilizers.

The present invention discloses a compound with the following formula (I), or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, and diastereoisomer thereof, or a mixture form thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a prodrug molecule thereof, wherein D is selected from:

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The invention further discloses the use of the compound in the preparation of drugs for preventing and/or treating cancers, and the use of the compound in the preparation of drugs for inhibiting cancer metastasis. The compound of the present invention can effectively inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells by adjusting the acidity of a tumor microenvironment to achieve a better effect in clinical cancer treatment, and has broad application prospects.

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