The present invention is concerned with a nonaqueous electrolytic solution having an electrolyte salt dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing a compound represented by the following general formula (X), in which a polar group (X) is bound to a phosphorus atom (P), and capable of improving electrochemical characteristics in a broad temperature range; an energy storage device using the same; and a novel compound.

##STR00001##

In the formula, R.sup.10 and R.sup.20 are each independently an organic group selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or a lithium atom; and X is a polar group (i) containing a —C(═O) group, a —P(═O) group, or an —S(═O).sub.2 group, a polar group (ii) containing a —CN group or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, in which a part of hydrogen atoms is substituted with a fluorine atom, or a 4- to 7-membered ring polar group (iii) containing a —C(═O)—O— group or a —C(═O)—N— group, provided that when X is a 4- to 7-membered ring polar group (iii) containing a —C(═O)—N— group, at least one of R.sup.10 and R.sup.20 is a lithium atom.

Compounds exhibiting high hole mobility and/or high glass transition temperatures are provided which are of the formula [Ar.sup.1].sub.m[Ar.sup.2].sub.n wherein: m is an integer from 1-3 and n is an integer and may be 1 or 2; Ar.sup.1 represents a thianthrene residue having a linkage to Ar.sup.2 at one or two positions selected from ring positions 1-4 and 5-8 and optionally mono-, bi- or poly-substituted with C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl-, C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkoxy-, fluoro, phenyl or biphenyl which in the case of phenyl or biphenyl may be further substituted with C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl-, C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkoxy- or fluoro; Ar.sup.2 represents a residue derived from an arylamine in which the aryl rings are phenyl, naphthyl or anthracenyl optionally substituted with C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkoxy- or fluoro, a polycyclic fused or chain aromatic ring system optionally containing nitrogen or sulphur and in a chain aromatic ring system optionally containing one or more chain oxygen or sulphur atoms, a triarylphosphine oxide or an arylsilane the rings of any of which are optionally substituted with C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl-, C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkoxy- or fluoro.

Certain of the compounds may be used in electron transport layers and may be doped with p-type dopants. They may be incorporated into OLEDs, organic photovoltaic devices, imaging members and thin film transistors.

In further embodiments there are provided OLEDs or other devices e.g. electrostatic latent image forming members in which improved efficiency is obtained by using as electron transport layers, electron injectors, hosts and emitters (dopants) ambipolar or electron-transmitting compounds in which thianthrene is bonded to aryl e.g. 1-anthracenyl-9-yl-thianthrene, 1-biphenyl-4-yl-thianthrene and 9,10-Bis(1-thianthrenyl) anthracene.

Compounds exhibiting high hole mobility and/or high glass transition temperatures are provided which are of the formula [Ar.sup.1].sub.m[Ar.sup.2].sub.n wherein: m is an integer from 1-3 and n is an integer and may be 1 or 2; Ar.sup.1 represents a thianthrene residue having a linkage to Ar.sup.2 at one or two positions selected from ring positions 1-4 and 5-8 and optionally mono-, bi- or poly-substituted with C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl-, C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkoxy-, fluoro, phenyl or biphenyl which in the case of phenyl or biphenyl may be further substituted with C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl-, C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkoxy- or fluoro; Ar.sup.2 represents a residue derived from an arylamine in which the aryl rings are phenyl, naphthyl or anthracenyl optionally substituted with C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl-, C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkoxy- or fluoro, a polycyclic fused or chain aromatic ring system optionally containing nitrogen or sulphur and in a chain aromatic ring system optionally containing one or more chain oxygen or sulphur atoms, a triarylphosphine oxide or an arylsilane the rings of any of which are optionally substituted with C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl-, C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkoxy- or fluoro. Certain of the compounds may be used in electron transport layers and may be doped with p-type dopants. They may be incorporated into OLEDs, organic photovoltaic devices, imaging members and thin film transistors. In further embodiments there are provided OLEDs or other devices e.g. electrostatic latent image forming members in which improved efficiency is obtained by using as electron transport layers, electron injectors, hosts and emitters (dopants) ambipolar or electron-transmitting compounds in which thianthrene is bonded to aryl e.g. 1-anthracenyl-9-yl-thianthrene, 1-biphenyl-4-yl-thianthrene and 9,10-Bis(1-thianthrenyl) anthracene.

Compounds exhibiting high hole mobility and/or high glass transition temperatures are provided which are of the formula [Ar.sup.1].sub.m[Ar.sup.2].sub.n wherein: m is an integer from 1-3 and n is an integer and may be 1 or 2; Ar.sup.1 represents a thianthrene residue having a linkage to Ar.sup.2 at one or two positions selected from ring positions 1-4 and 5-8 and optionally mono-, bi- or poly-substituted with C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl-, C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkoxy-, fluoro, phenyl or biphenyl which in the case of phenyl or biphenyl may be further substituted with C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl-, C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkoxy- or fluoro; Ar.sup.2 represents a residue derived from an arylamine in which the aryl rings are phenyl, naphthyl or anthracenyl optionally substituted with C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl-, C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkoxy- or fluoro, a polycyclic fused or chain aromatic ring system optionally containing nitrogen or sulphur and in a chain aromatic ring system optionally containing one or more chain oxygen or sulphur atoms, a triarylphosphine oxide or an arylsilane the rings of any of which are optionally substituted with C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl-, C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkoxy- or fluoro.

Certain of the compounds may be used in electron transport layers and may be doped with p-type dopants. They may be incorporated into OLEDs, organic photovoltaic devices, imaging members and thin film transistors.

In further embodiments there are provided OLEDs or other devices e.g. electrostatic latent image forming members in which improved efficiency is obtained by using as electron transport layers, electron injectors, hosts and emitters (dopants) ambipolar or electron-transmitting compounds in which thianthrene is bonded to aryl e.g. 1-anthracenyl-9-yl-thianthrene, 1-biphenyl-4-yl-thianthrene and 9,10-Bis(1-thianthrenyl) anthracene.

Provided are a compound and a metal extractant represented by Formula (I), and a separation recovery method of metal ions using the metal extractant.

##STR00001##

In Formula (I), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a substituent having a molecular weight of 100 or higher, in which at least one of the substituents has a molecular weight of 160 or higher. Y.sup.P represents a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom. Z represents a hydroxy group, a sulfanyl group, or a hydroxyaryl group. L represents a single bond, in which in a case where n represents 2 or more, L interposed between two adjacent P's represents a single bond or a linking group. n represents an integer of 1 to 6.