The present invention relates to certain compounds of Formula (Ia) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which exhibit useful pharmacological properties, for example, as agonists of the S1P1 receptor: Also provided by the present invention are pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds of the invention, and methods of using the compounds and compositions of the invention in the treatment of S1P1 receptor-associated disorders, for example, a disease or disorder mediated by lymphocytes, an autoimmune disease or disorder, an inflammatory disease or disorder, an inflammatory skin disease or disorder, cancer, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, transplant rejection, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ulcerative colitis, type I diabetes, and acne, microbial infections or diseases and viral infections or diseases. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to certain compounds of Formula (Ia) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which exhibit useful pharmacological properties, for example, as agonists of the S1P1 receptor: Also provided by the present invention are pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds of the invention, and methods of using the compounds and compositions of the invention in the treatment of S1P1 receptor-associated disorders, for example, a disease or disorder mediated by lymphocytes, an autoimmune disease or disorder, an inflammatory disease or disorder, an inflammatory skin disease or disorder, cancer, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, transplant rejection, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ulcerative colitis, type I diabetes, and acne, microbial infections or diseases and viral infections or diseases. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a vitamin E-based amphipathic compound, a method for producing same, and a method for extracting, solubilizing, stabilizing, or crystallizing a membrane protein using same. By using a compound according to the present invention, not only is an excellent membrane protein extraction and solubilization effect achieved, but the membrane protein can be stably stored for a long period of time in an aqueous solution, and thus the compound can be utilized in analyzing the function and structure of the membrane protein. Moreover, the vitamin E-based amphipathic compounds exhibited superb properties in the visualization of protein compounds through an electron microscope. Membrane protein structure and function analysis is one of the fields of greatest interest in biology and chemistry today, and since at least half of new drugs currently being developed target membrane proteins, the vitamin E-based amphipathic compounds may be applied to the membrane protein structure research, which is closely related to the development of new drugs.

The present invention relates to a vitamin E-based amphipathic compound, a method for producing same, and a method for extracting, solubilizing, stabilizing, or crystallizing a membrane protein using same. By using a compound according to the present invention, not only is an excellent membrane protein extraction and solubilization effect achieved, but the membrane protein can be stably stored for a long period of time in an aqueous solution, and thus the compound can be utilized in analyzing the function and structure of the membrane protein. Moreover, the vitamin E-based amphipathic compounds exhibited superb properties in the visualization of protein compounds through an electron microscope. Membrane protein structure and function analysis is one of the fields of greatest interest in biology and chemistry today, and since at least half of new drugs currently being developed target membrane proteins, the vitamin E-based amphipathic compounds may be applied to the membrane protein structure research, which is closely related to the development of new drugs.

Combinations of a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist and a beta 2 agonist for inhaled administration via the nose or mouth, and methods of using them are provided.

Improved processes for the preparation of tubulysin compounds, tubulysin drug linker compounds, and their intermediates are disclosed.

Compounds of Formula IA, IB, II, III, IV, and/or V are described herein along with their methods of use. A compound of the present invention may cross-link under physiological conditions and/or in vivo.

Described herein are orally-bioavailable nucleoside analogs and pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds. The subject compounds and compositions are useful for the treatment of coronavirus infections, including SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The solution provides a method for separating a Chinese traditional medicine composition. To explain a pharmacological effect mechanism of a medicine made of two or more components and scientific content in rules of compatibility among components of a compound medicine, systematic researches on the material basis is very necessary. Accordingly, deep researches are done on chemical components of the pharmaceutical composition in the solution, and eight compounds are separated, which are 10-O-(p-hydroxycinnamoyl)-adoxosidic acid, aloe-emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, quercitrin, matairesinol-4′-O-glucoside, liquiritin apioside, epi-vogeloside, vogeloside and ethyl caffeate, which provides a new quality control method for the composition in the solution.

The present invention relates to methods of treating immune disorders and/or inflammation using certain modulator compounds. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating an immune and inflammatory disorders disorder by administering a composition comprising a therapeutically effective dosage of an ascaroside compound, or a mixture of ascaroside compounds, or a mixture containing at least one ascaroside.