Disclosed herein are photoisomerized compositions comprising anthocyanins and methods of making an use thereof. For example, disclosed herein are methods of photoisomerizing a composition, the methods comprising: irradiating a composition comprising an anthocyanin dissolved in a solvent solution with UV light; wherein at least a portion of the anthocyanin is present as a trans isomer before the irradiation; wherein the solvent solution comprises ethanol and water in a ratio of ethanol to water (volume/volume) of 99:1 to 70:30; thereby converting at least a portion of trans isomer to a cis isomer via photoisomerization to produce a photoisomerized composition. In some examples, the photoisomerized composition has a more intense and stable blue color at pH 8 relative to the composition before irradiation.

Disclosed herein are photoisomerized compositions comprising anthocyanins and methods of making an use thereof. For example, disclosed herein are methods of photoisomerizing a composition, the methods comprising: irradiating a composition comprising an anthocyanin dissolved in a solvent solution with UV light; wherein at least a portion of the anthocyanin is present as a trans isomer before the irradiation; wherein the solvent solution comprises ethanol and water in a ratio of ethanol to water (volume/volume) of 99:1 to 70:30; thereby converting at least a portion of trans isomer to a cis isomer via photoisomerization to produce a photoisomerized composition. In some examples, the photoisomerized composition has a more intense and stable blue color at pH 8 relative to the composition before irradiation.

Disclosed is a method for separating and preparing delphinidin-3-O-(6″-O-p-coumaroyl) glucoside. By means of extraction, macroporous resin purification, extraction, preparative liquid chromatography and high-speed countercurrent chromatography and the like, a high-purity delphinidin-3-O-(6″-O-p-coumaroyl) glucoside monomer can be obtained from grapes by separation and purification. By means of this method, at least 80 mg of delphinidin-3-O-(6″-O-p-coumaroyl) glucoside can be obtained from 10 kg of grape skins, with the purity can be no less than 98%. The method has the advantages of simple operation, large handling capacity, good repeatability, etc., which provides a new idea for the development and utilization of grape resources.

Disclosed is a method for separating and preparing delphinidin-3-O-(6″-O-p-coumaroyl) glucoside. By means of extraction, macroporous resin purification, extraction, preparative liquid chromatography and high-speed countercurrent chromatography and the like, a high-purity delphinidin-3-O-(6″-O-p-coumaroyl) glucoside monomer can be obtained from grapes by separation and purification. By means of this method, at least 80 mg of delphinidin-3-O-(6″-O-p-coumaroyl) glucoside can be obtained from 10 kg of grape skins, with the purity can be no less than 98%. The method has the advantages of simple operation, large handling capacity, good repeatability, etc., which provides a new idea for the development and utilization of grape resources.

The present disclosure provides a preparation method of peonidin-3-O-(6-p-coumaryl)glucoside and malvidin-3-O-(6-p-coumaryl)glucoside by separation. In the present disclosure, the preparation method includes alcohol extraction and concentration, macroporous resin purification, extraction, purification by preparative liquid chromatography, and separation by high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC). In this way, two high-purity monomers, peonidin-acylated anthocyanin and malvidin-acylated anthocyanin, are obtained by separation and purification from grapes. With the preparation method, at least 60 mg of the peonidin-3-O-(6-p-coumaryl)glucoside and at least 200 mg of the malvidin-3-O-(6-p-coumaryl)glucoside can be obtained from 10 kg of grape skins, both of which have a purity of not less than 98%. The preparation method has simple operations, a high processing capacity, and desirable repeatability, and provides a new idea for the development and utilization of grape resources.

The present disclosure provides a preparation method of peonidin-3-O-(6-p-coumaryl)glucoside and malvidin-3-O-(6-p-coumaryl)glucoside by separation. In the present disclosure, the preparation method includes alcohol extraction and concentration, macroporous resin purification, extraction, purification by preparative liquid chromatography, and separation by high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC). In this way, two high-purity monomers, peonidin-acylated anthocyanin and malvidin-acylated anthocyanin, are obtained by separation and purification from grapes. With the preparation method, at least 60 mg of the peonidin-3-O-(6-p-coumaryl)glucoside and at least 200 mg of the malvidin-3-O-(6-p-coumaryl)glucoside can be obtained from 10 kg of grape skins, both of which have a purity of not less than 98%. The preparation method has simple operations, a high processing capacity, and desirable repeatability, and provides a new idea for the development and utilization of grape resources.

The present disclosure relates to methods, systems, and apparatus for efficient continuous production of hydrophobic products with the simultaneous retention of substrates.

Disclosed is a method for separating and preparing delphinidin-3-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl) glucoside. By means of extraction, macroporous resin purification, extraction, preparative liquid chromatography and high-speed countercurrent chromatography and the like, a high-purity delphinidin-3-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl) glucoside monomer can be obtained from grapes by separation and purification. By means of this method, at least 80 mg of delphinidin-3-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl) glucoside can be obtained from 10 kg of grape skins, with the purity can be no less than 98%. The method has the advantages of simple operation, large handling capacity, good repeatability, etc., which provides a new idea for the development and utilization of grape resources.

Disclosed is a method for separating and preparing delphinidin-3-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl) glucoside. By means of extraction, macroporous resin purification, extraction, preparative liquid chromatography and high-speed countercurrent chromatography and the like, a high-purity delphinidin-3-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl) glucoside monomer can be obtained from grapes by separation and purification. By means of this method, at least 80 mg of delphinidin-3-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl) glucoside can be obtained from 10 kg of grape skins, with the purity can be no less than 98%. The method has the advantages of simple operation, large handling capacity, good repeatability, etc., which provides a new idea for the development and utilization of grape resources.

A cell-free system is provided to produce anthocyanins from anthocyanidins. An anthocyanidin is added to a reaction mixture comprising a glycosyl transferase enzyme and UDP-sugar. The reaction mixture may be aqueous and may comprise a co-solvent, e.g., an organic co-solvent, such as DMF.