The present invention relates to peptides, and amino acid and peptide conjugates, methods for making amino acid and peptide conjugates, conjugates produced by the methods, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the peptides and conjugates, methods of eliciting immune responses in a subject and methods of vaccinating a subject, uses of the peptides and conjugates for the same, and uses of the peptides and conjugates in the manufacture of medicaments for the same.

A method for improving the solubility of a physiologically active protein or peptide compared to that of a physiologically active protein or peptide which is not conjugated to an immunoglobulin Fc fragment is disclosed. The method includes steps of conjugating the physiologically active protein or peptide to an immunoglobulin Fc fragment. Also disclosed is a composition for improving the solubility of a physiologically active protein or peptide, which contains an immunoglobulin Fc fragment. The composition improves the solubility compared to a composition without an immunoglobulin Fc fragment.

Disclosed are methods for forming targeted collagen products having an amplified desired characteristic, including the step of adding peptides exhibiting a desired characteristic to collagen to form the targeted collagen product. The adding step is performed so that the collagen is crosslinked to the peptide exhibiting the desired characteristic. Crosslinking of the collagen to the peptide exhibiting the desired characteristic occurs by modification of the peptide to facilitate binding to the collagen. Further disclosed are methods for forming a targeted collagen product lacking an undesired characteristic, including the step of subtracting peptides exhibiting the undesired characteristic from collagen to form the targeted collagen product. Also disclosed are targeted collagen products formed by the disclosed methods.

Provided are a polypeptide having excellent 4-aminobenzoic acid hydroxylation activity and a method for using the same. The present invention provides a polypeptide having 4-aminobenzoic acid hydroxylation activity, consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or an amino acid sequence having at least 47% identity thereto, and having an amino acid residue at position 47 of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or a position corresponding thereto being leucine.

The present invention provides methods for producing peptide compounds. The inventors have found that a cyclic peptide compound can be produced efficiently by linking the N-terminal amino acid residue and the C-terminal amino acid residue of a peptide compound in a solvent containing one or more selected from the group consisting of water-immiscible solvents, water-soluble alkyl nitriles, and water-soluble ethers.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of medical biological materials, in particular to a green and broad-spectrum protein cross-linking method. In the method, a mixed solution containing protein and silver ions is irradiated by a visible light source with a compound wavelength to obtain cross-linked protein materials with uniform morphology. Compared with the traditional protein cross-linking method, the preparation method does not involve toxic chemical reagents and is environmentally friendly; the method can cross-link a variety of proteins in a broad spectrum; the preparation method can ensure the original activity of protein to the greatest extent; the preparation method also has the advantages of simple steps and easy operation; the cross-linked protein prepared by the method has good biological activity and antibacterial properties, and has great application prospect.

Provided herein are, inter alia, methods of forming chemically reactive amino acids and methods of using same.

The present invention relates to a method for modifying and purifying peptides comprising an immobilizing step, a modification step and a releasing step. In the immobilizing step, a crude linker-tagged peptide L-P is coupled to a solid support yielding an immobilized linker-tagged peptide S-L-P. Subsequently, the immobilized linker-tagged peptide S-L-P is modified with one or more organic molecules yielding an immobilized linker-tagged peptide S-L-mP. Finally, the modified peptide is released via a reduced intermediate RI. The linker molecule is a compound of formula 1, X—Tb—Va-U—Y—Z (1), which can be coupled to a purification resin via the moiety X and to a peptide via the moiety Y under the release of the leaving group Z. T is an optional spacer moiety and V is an optional electron withdrawing moiety. U is an aryl or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl moiety bound to at least one electron withdrawing moiety V, W or E. The linker is stable under acidic conditions and releases the peptide upon addition of a reducing agent.

A method for preparing AMG 416, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is provided.

The present invention provides means and methods for functionalizing a polypeptide of interest at its C-terminus with an amino acid derivative.