The present disclosure provides a diabetes mellitus therapy targeting abnormal stem cells. In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a therapy for diabetes mellitus and/or a disease, a disorder and/or a symptom relating to diabetes mellitus, said therapy targeting abnormal stem cells. In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and/or a disease, a disorder and/or a symptom relating to diabetes mellitus or a risk of the same, said diagnosis using abnormal stem cells as an index. In one embodiment, the abnormal stem cells described in the present disclosure are abnormal hematopoietic stem cells. In one embodiment, CD106 is expressed in the abnormal stem cells described in the present disclosure at a level different from in normal cells.

Antibodies and antibody fragments that inhibit the activity of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) and/or macrophage erythroblast attacher (MAEA) are provided, along with formulations and kits comprising these antibodies and antibody fragments and the use of the disclosed compositions, formulations, and kits to treat cancers, sickle cell disease, and Polycythemia Vera.

Antibodies and antibody fragments that inhibit the activity of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) and/or macrophage erythroblast attacher (MAEA) are provided, along with formulations and kits comprising these antibodies and antibody fragments and the use of the disclosed compositions, formulations, and kits to treat cancers, sickle cell disease, and Polycythemia Vera.

The present disclosure provides a therapy for diabetes that targets abnormal stem cells in combination with stem cell migration. In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a therapy for diabetes and/or diabetes-related diseases and disorders and/or symptoms that targets abnormal stem cells in combination with stem cell migration. In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides diagnosis of diabetes and/or diabetes-related diseases and disorders and/or symptoms, or the risk thereof, using abnormal stem cell migration and/or residence as an indicator.

Disclosed are the surprising discoveries that aminophospholipids, such as phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine, are stable and specific markers accessible on the luminal surface of tumor blood vessels, and that the administration of an anti-aminophospholipid antibody alone is sufficient to induce thrombosis, tumor necrosis and tumor regression in vivo. This invention therefore provides anti-aminophospholipid antibody-based methods and compositions for use in the specific destruction of tumor blood vessels and in the treatment of solid tumors. Although various antibody conjugates and combinations are thus provided, the use of naked, or unconjugated, anti-phosphatidylserine antibodies is a particularly important aspect of the invention, due to simplicity and effectiveness of the approach.

Disclosed are biomarker panels for evaluating subjects at risk of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) early after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In particular, the present disclosure relates to the use of one or more of ST2, ANG2, L-Ficolin, HA, and VCAM1 for prognosing, diagnosing, and/or treating SOS.

The present invention relates to nanobodies specifically directed against VCAM-1 and to their use in medical imaging and in diagnostic, prognostic and treatment methods.

Methods for treating and reducing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including, without limitation Alzheimer's disease, are provided. The methods of the invention reduce or deplete neutrophil/myeloid cells in the region of the brain by blocking neutrophil/myeloid cell adhesion and interaction with the vascular endothelium, by blocking infiltration of neutrophil/myeloid cells into the brain, by reducing motility of neutrophil/myeloid cells in the parenchyma, by blocking Aβ-induced activation and adhesion of neutrophil/myeloid cells, and/or by blocking Aβ-induced integrin activation, degranulation and/or ROS release in neutrophil/myeloid cells.

Disclosed are biomarker panels for evaluating subjects at risk of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) early after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In particular, the present disclosure relates to the use of one or more of ST2, ANG2, L-Ficolin, HA, and VCAM1 for prognosing, diagnosing, and/or treating SOS.

Antibodies and antibody fragments that inhibit the activity of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) and/or macrophage erythroblast attacher (MAEA) are provided, along with formulations and kits comprising these antibodies and antibody fragments and the use of the disclosed compositions, formulations, and kits to treat cancers, sickle cell disease, and Polycythemia Vera.