The invention provides an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof capable of binding to the antigen binding pocket of the AP33 antibody, wherein said antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises VL CDR1 (L1), VL CDR2 (L2), and VL CDR.sub.3 (L.sub.3) consisting of the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID NO:23 respectively, and comprises VH CDR1 (H1), VH CDR2 (H2), and VH CDR3 (H3) consisting of the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, and SEQ ID NO:26 respectively. The invention also provides compositions, methods, nucleic acids and uses.

Chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgY Abs) specific to the Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus spike (MERS-CoV S) protein demonstrate efficacy against MERS-CoV infection. The S-specific IgY Abs (anti-S IgY) are produced by injecting chickens with purified a recombinant MERS-CoV S protein, S1 subunit, or an S1 fragment. The purified anti-S IgY specifically bind to the MERS-CoV S protein and inhibit infection. In vitro neutralization of the IgY Abs against MERS-CoV was achieved in cell lines and in a human-transgenic mouse model treated with a pharmaceutical composition comprising the anti-S IgY. Viral antigen-positive cells in treated mice were reduced, compared to the adjuvant-only controls. Moreover, lung cells of anti-S IgY-treated mice showed significantly reduced inflammation, compared to the controls. Efficient neutralization of MERS-CoV infection is demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo using the anti-S IgY Abs.

The disclosure relates to anti-idiotypic antibodies and related influenza virus vaccines.

This disclosure is based, at least in part, on an unexpected discovery that the novel nanobodies and variants thereof are able to specifically bind afucosylated or sialylated IgG Fc glycoforms. Glycosylation of the IgG Fc domain is a major determinant of the strength and specificity of antibody effector functions, modulating the binding interactions of the Fc with the diverse family of Fc? receptors. These Fc glycan modifications, such as removal of the core fucose residue, are newfound clinical markers for predicting severity of diseases, such as diseases caused by dengue virus (DENV) or SARS-CoV-2. However, it remains challenging to accurately distinguish specific IgG glycoforms without costly and time-intensive methods. The novel glycol-specific nanobodies and variants thereof, as disclosed herein, can be used as rapid clinical diagnostics or prognostics to risk stratify patients with viral and inflammatory diseases.

The present invention comprises a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to the human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region germline gene VH1-69. This antibody is derived from Mab G6 and recognizes the same epitope. Moreover, the antibody is used in combination with vaccines to augment an immune response to the antigen.

The invention provides methods, compositions and kits for treating and or preventing an HIV infection. For example, HIV envelope-like polypeptides (wild-type HIV polypeptides and mimotopes) may be administered to an individual so as to induce a protective immune response to HIV. Alternatively, antibodies directed to the HIV envelope-like polypeptides may be administered to an individual to treat or prevent an HIV infection and/or one or more symptoms associated with the infection (e.g., AIDS).

The disclosure relates to anti-idiotypic antibodies and related influenza virus vaccines.

Monoclonal antibodies directed against the influenza A virus are described, which have the advantageous and unpredicted property of being able to bind a plurality of subtypes of the influenza A virus. One preferred embodiment is the antibody designated as Fab28, which displays a neutralizing activity against a plurality of subtypes of the influenza A virus. Anti-idiotype antibodies directed against the monoclonal antibodies described herein, immunogenic or vaccine compositions comprising the monoclonal antibodies of the invention are also described, as well as therapeutic, prophylactic and diagnostic applications for the monoclonal antibodies described herein. The monoclonal antibodies can also be used for testing antibody preparations to be used as vaccines.

The present invention comprises a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to the human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region germline gene VH1-69. This antibody is derived from Mab G6 and recognizes the same epitope. Moreover, the antibody is used in combination with vaccines to augment an immune response to the antigen.

Monoclonal antibodies directed against the influenza A virus are described, which have the advantageous and unpredicted property of being able to bind a plurality of subtypes of the influenza A virus. One preferred embodiment is the antibody designated as Fab28, which displays a neutralizing activity against a plurality of subtypes of the influenza A virus. Anti-idiotype antibodies directed against the monoclonal antibodies of the invention, immunogenic or vaccine compositions comprising the monoclonal antibodies of the invention are also described, as well as therapeutic, prophylactic and diagnostic applications for the monoclonal antibodies of the invention. The monoclonal antibodies of the invention can also be used for testing antibody preparations to be used as vaccines.