Compounds that are mammalian metabolites of an agonist of G-protein-coupled receptor 1.39 (GPR139), intermediates used in the synthesis of such metabolites, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such metabolites, and the use of such metabolites as biomarkers and agents in the treatment of schizophrenia, for example, negative and/or cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, disorders associated with social and cognitive dysfunction, as well as several other disorders related to modulated of GPR139.

Provided is a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a modified IL-7 protein. More particularly, it comprises (a) a modified IL-7 fusion protein; (b) a basal buffer with a concentration of 10 to 50 mM; (c) a sugar with a concentration of 2.5 to 5 w/v %; and (d) a surfactant with a concentration of 0.05 to 6 w/v %. Such pharmaceutical formulation of a modified IL-7 fusion protein does not show aggregates formation, but shows protective effects on proteins under stress conditions such as oxidation or agitation, and thus can effectively be used for the treatment of a patient.

The present disclosure relates to certain molecules, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and methods of using them to treat viral infections.

The present invention relates to treatments of diabetic macular edema (DME) and impaired visual acuity, comprising intravitreally administering the compound of formula (A) (or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or solvate thereof): Formula (A).

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The present invention relates to TLR2 agonist compounds and their compositions, and the use of such compounds and compositions in the prevention and/or treatment of respiratory infections, or diseases or conditions associated with viral or bacterial infections.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a peptide with high efficiency, and a method for producing a peptide which comprises the following steps (1) and (2): (1) a step of mixing an N-protected amino acid or an N-protected peptide with a carboxylic acid halide represented by the formula (I)

##STR00001##

(wherein X represents a halogen atom,
R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each independently represent an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, and a total number of the carbon atoms in R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is 3 to 40); and (2) a step of mixing the product obtained in the step (1) and a C-protected amino acid or a C-protected peptide
is provided.

The disclosure features macrocyclic compounds, and pharmaceutical compositions and protein complexes thereof, capable of inhibiting Ras proteins, and their uses in the treatment of cancers.

Disclosed herein are compounds of formula I: (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 may any of the values defined herein, as well as compositions comprising such compounds. Also disclosed are methods for treating diseases including neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease. ##STR00001##

A process is provided for separating hydrophobic material from a mixture of hydrophobic and hydrophilic material using peptide-based amphiphilic organogelators.

The present invention provides a catalyst containing a Brønsted acid as a novel means capable of producing an amide compound by highly stereoselectively and/or highly efficiently causing an amidation reaction in a variety of substrates having a carboxylic ester group and an amino group.