The disclosure provides synthetic (e.g. recombinant) pneumococcal saccharides comprising one or more repeat unit(s) .fwdarw.4)-β-D-Glcp-(1.fwdarw.4)-[Gro-(2.fwdarw.P.fwdarw.3)]-β-D-Galp-(1.fwdarw.4)-β-L-Rhap-(1.fwdarw.. Also provided are conjugates comprising a .fwdarw.4)-β-D-Glcp-(1.fwdarw.4)-[Gro-(2.fwdarw.P.fwdarw.3)]-β-D-Galp-(1.fwdarw.4)-β-L-Rhap-(1.fwdarw., immunogenic compositions, vaccines and their use in preventing or treating infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

The invention is directed to Muramyl Dipeptide (MDP) derivative compounds of structural Formula-VIII, a process for synthesis, intermediates used in the synthesis and use thereof:

##STR00001##

wherein, R can be a linear or branched alkyl, an aryl, a substituted aryl, or an alkoxy alkyl. These compounds possess excellent pharmacological properties, in particular immunomodulating properties for use as adjuvant in vaccine formulations. These compounds are particularly useful as adjuvants in vaccines.

Devices, bandages, kits and methods are described that can control or regulate the mechanical environment of a wound to ameliorate scar and/or keloid formation. The mechanical environment of a wound includes stress, strain, and any combination of stress and strain. The control of a wound's mechanical environment can be active, passive, dynamic, or static. The devices are configured to be removably secured to a skin surface in proximity to the wound site and shield the wound from endogenous and/or exogenous stress.

The present disclosure relates to novel pharmaceutical compositions comprising recombinantly engineered probiotic bacteria that can be used, inter alia, in the treatment of gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases and epithelial barrier function disorders. The probiotic bacteria preferably contain a nucleic acid encoding the heterodimeric protein of SEQ ID NO:1 and 2, or homologous sequences thereof sharing at least 80% identity with said sequences. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions described herein have particular application in the treatment or prevention of disease states associated with abnormally permeable epithelial barriers as well as inflammatory bowel diseases or disorders.

The disclosure provides synthetic (e.g. recombinant) pneumococcal saccharides comprising one or more repeat unit(s) .fwdarw.4)-β-D-Glcp-(1.fwdarw.4)-[Gro-(2.fwdarw.P.fwdarw.3)]-β-D-Galp-(1.fwdarw.4)-β-L-Rhap-(1.fwdarw.. Also provided are conjugates comprising a .fwdarw.4)-β-D-Glcp-(1.fwdarw.4)-[Gro-(2.fwdarw.P.fwdarw.3)]-β-D-Galp-(1.fwdarw.4)-β-L-Rhap-(1.fwdarw., immunogenic compositions, vaccines and their use in preventing or treating infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

The invention relates to novel Muramyl Dipeptide (MDP) derivative compound of structural Formula-VIII, a process for synthesis, intermediates used in the synthesis and use thereof. ##STR00001## Wherein, R can be both linear and branched alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl and alkoxy alkyl. These compounds possess excellent pharmacological properties, in particular immunomodulating properties for use as adjuvant in vaccine formulations. These compounds are, particularly useful as adjuvants in vaccines.

The disclosure provides synthetic (e.g. recombinant) pneumococcal saccharides comprising one or more repeat unit(s) .fwdarw.4)--D-Glcp-(1.fwdarw.4)-[Gro-(2.fwdarw.P.fwdarw.3)]--D-Galp-(1.fwdarw.4)--L-Rhap-(1.fwdarw.. Also provided are conjugates comprising a .fwdarw.4)--D-Glcp-(1.fwdarw.4)-[Gro-(2.fwdarw.P.fwdarw.3)]--D-Galp-(1.fwdarw.4)--L-Rhap-(1.fwdarw., immunogenic compositions, vaccines and their use in preventing or treating infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

The invention relates to novel Muramyl Dipeptide (MDP) derivative compound of structural Formula-VIII, a process for synthesis, intermediates used in the synthesis and use thereof.

##STR00001##

Wherein, R can be both linear and branched alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl and alkoxy alkyl. These compounds possess excellent pharmacological properties, in particular immunomodulating properties for use as adjuvant in vaccine formulations. These compounds are, particularly useful as adjuvants in vaccines.

Devices, bandages, kits and methods are described that can control or regulate the mechanical environment of a wound to ameliorate scar and/or keloid formation. The mechanical environment of a wound includes stress, strain, and any combination of stress and strain. The control of a wound's mechanical environment can be active, passive, dynamic, or static. The devices are configured to be removably secured to a skin surface in proximity to the wound site and shield the wound from endogenous and/or exogenous stress.

The present invention provides N-acetyl-muramic acid (NAM) derivatives having Formula I, wherein Xa is selected from the group consisting of X1-X59, Ya is selected from the group consisting of H, monophosphate, uridine diphosphate and ethyl azide linker prepared from 2-azido-ethanol, and Za is selected from the group consisting of OH, an ethylene diamine coupled fluorophore, a peptide and a peptide with an ethylene diamine coupled fluorophore, wherein the peptide is selected from the group consisting of a monopeptide, a dipeptide, a tripeptide and a pentapeptide. Also provided are methods for synthesizing NAM derivatives and methods for modulating Nod2 in cells, modifying bacterial cell wall or modulating innate immune response by a subject to bacterial cells upon exposure to NAM derivatives.