A method for controlling discharges of nitrogen compounds in the production of cellulose carbamate (CCA). Dissolving pulp (DP) or kraft pulp is produced at a pulp mill, and the DP or kraft pulp is activated. The activated pulp is reacted with urea to produce cellulose carbamate whereby ammonia is released. The cellulose carbamate production is integrated into the pulp mill having a flue gas system such that carbon dioxide from the flue gases is reacted with released ammonia to produce urea, which is used in the carbamate production.

A method for controlling discharges of nitrogen compounds in the production of cellulose carbamate (CCA). Dissolving pulp (DP) or kraft pulp is produced at a pulp mill, and the DP or kraft pulp is activated. The activated pulp is reacted with urea to produce cellulose carbamate whereby ammonia is released. The cellulose carbamate production is integrated into the pulp mill having a flue gas system such that carbon dioxide from the flue gases is reacted with released ammonia to produce urea, which is used in the carbamate production.

An oil repellent agent including a modified natural product having at least one hydroxyl group, wherein a hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group is replaced with an R group represented by —Y—Z, wherein Y represents a direct bond, —C(═O)—, —C(═O)—NR′— or —C(═S)—NR′—, where R′ represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl group); and Z represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms and optionally having a substituent or a polysiloxane. The natural material is a natural product other than starch and preferably is a monosaccharide, a polysaccharide, glycerin or polyglycerin. Also disclosed is a textile product to which the oil-resistant agent is attached, an oil-resistant paper and a method of treating paper with the oil-resistant agent.

An oil repellent agent including a modified natural product having at least one hydroxyl group, wherein a hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group is replaced with an R group represented by —Y—Z, wherein Y represents a direct bond, —C(═O)—, —C(═O)—NR′— or —C(═S)—NR′—, where R′ represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl group); and Z represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms and optionally having a substituent or a polysiloxane. The natural material is a natural product other than starch and preferably is a monosaccharide, a polysaccharide, glycerin or polyglycerin. Also disclosed is a textile product to which the oil-resistant agent is attached, an oil-resistant paper and a method of treating paper with the oil-resistant agent.

A method for preparing a novel waterborne polyurethane foam layer for synthetic leather is disclosed. The method includes first preparing a charged cellulose nanofiber by using a wood pulp as a raw material; meanwhile, subjecting a polyisocyanate, a macromolecular diol, a hydrophilic chain extender and a small molecular chain extender to a polyaddition reaction and an acid-base neutralization reaction in sequence, to obtain a cationic or anionic waterborne polyurethane; adding the charged cellulose nanofiber and a certain amount of a crosslinking agent to the oppositely charged ionic waterborne polyurethane emulsion, stirring the resulting mixture, forming a bimolecular layer at the gas/liquid interface by a self-assembly of the cellulose nanofiber and waterborne polyurethane nanoparticles through electrostatic interactions to obtain a stable Pickering foam; using the stable Pickering foam as a template, drying and solidifying to obtain the waterborne polyurethane foam layer for synthetic leather.

A hemostatic material is described, which eliminates the risks of conventional chitosan-derived products, such as the onset of shellfish allergy and endotoxin contamination, can be used safely for more people, and has an antibacterial property and a hemostatic function that widely-used hydrogels lack, and a wound dressing containing the same. A hemostatic material containing cationized cellulose and a wound dressing containing the hemostatic are described. At least one of hydroxyl groups of the cationized cellulose is modified with —R.sup.2—N.sup.+(R.sup.3)(R.sup.4)(R.sup.5)X.sup.−, other hydroxyl groups of the cationized cellulose have —H, or —(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.m—H, R.sup.2 represents C.sub.1-6 alkylene, C.sub.2-6 hydroxyalkylene, —(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.1—, or a combination thereof, 1 represents 1 or 2, m represents 1 or 2, and X.sup.− may represent an anionic group.

A hemostatic material is described, which eliminates the risks of conventional chitosan-derived products, such as the onset of shellfish allergy and endotoxin contamination, can be used safely for more people, and has an antibacterial property and a hemostatic function that widely-used hydrogels lack, and a wound dressing containing the same. A hemostatic material containing cationized cellulose and a wound dressing containing the hemostatic are described. At least one of hydroxyl groups of the cationized cellulose is modified with —R.sup.2—N.sup.+(R.sup.3)(R.sup.4)(R.sup.5)X.sup.−, other hydroxyl groups of the cationized cellulose have —H, or —(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.m—H, R.sup.2 represents C.sub.1-6 alkylene, C.sub.2-6 hydroxyalkylene, —(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.1—, or a combination thereof, 1 represents 1 or 2, m represents 1 or 2, and X.sup.− may represent an anionic group.

A method for controlling discharges of nitrogen compounds in the production of cellulose carbamate (CCA). Microcrystalline cellulose is produced from chemical pulp produced at a pulp mill, such that the chemical pulp is subjected to acid hydrolysis at an elevated temperature to form microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and hydrolysate, and the MCC is reacted with urea to produce cellulose carbamate whereby ammonia is released. The microcrystalline cellulose production and the cellulose carbamate production are integrated into the pulp mill having a flue gas system such that carbon dioxide from the flue gases is reacted with released ammonia to produce urea, which is used in the carbamate production.

A method for controlling discharges of nitrogen compounds in the production of cellulose carbamate (CCA). Microcrystalline cellulose is produced from chemical pulp produced at a pulp mill, such that the chemical pulp is subjected to acid hydrolysis at an elevated temperature to form microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and hydrolysate, and the MCC is reacted with urea to produce cellulose carbamate whereby ammonia is released. The microcrystalline cellulose production and the cellulose carbamate production are integrated into the pulp mill having a flue gas system such that carbon dioxide from the flue gases is reacted with released ammonia to produce urea, which is used in the carbamate production.

A fine cellulose fiber in which when the fine cellulose fiber is formed into a dispersion, the dispersion has very high light transmittance and viscosity, and a method for producing the fine cellulose fiber. The fine cellulose fiber has a fiber width of 1 to 200 nm. A part of hydroxy groups of the cellulose fiber are substituted with a predetermine functional group to introduce an ester of phosphorus-oxo acid, and the introduction amount of the functional group is more than 2.0 mmol per 1 g of the cellulose fiber. For producing the fine cellulose fiber, to cellulose fiber is added a solution having a pH of less than 3.0 and including an additive (A) containing at least one of a phosphorus-oxo acid and a phosphorus-oxo acid metal salt and an additive (B) containing at least one of urea and a urea derivative, and the mixture is heated to perform fibrillation.