Phosphoethanolamine cellulose and methods of making and using it are disclosed. In particular, the invention relates to a method of producing a phosphoethanolamine cellulose biosynthetically using a BcsG phosphoethanolamine transferase for cellulose modification. Recombinant constructs encoding BcsG are described, including constructs encoding BcsG by itself or in combination with BcsE and BcsF, which increase the extent of cellulose modification and the amount of modified cellulose produced. Production of phosphoethanolamine cellulose in cell culture and derivatization of phosphoethanolamine cellulose are also described.

Solution casting a nanostructure. Preparing a template by ablating nanoholes in a substrate using single-femtosecond laser machining. Replicating the nanoholes by applying a solution of a polymer and a solvent into the template. After the solvent has substantially dissipated, removing the replica from the substrate.

Solution casting a nanostructure. Preparing a template by ablating nanoholes in a substrate using single-femtosecond laser machining. Replicating the nanoholes by applying a solution of a polymer and a solvent into the template. After the solvent has substantially dissipated, removing the replica from the substrate.

Solution casting a nanostructure. Preparing a template by ablating nanoholes in a substrate using single-femtosecond laser machining. Replicating the nanoholes by applying a solution of a polymer and a solvent into the template. After the solvent has substantially dissipated, removing the replica from the substrate.

Solution casting a nanostructure. Preparing a template by ablating nanoholes in a substrate using single-femtosecond laser machining. Replicating the nanoholes by applying a solution of a polymer and a solvent into the template. After the solvent has substantially dissipated, removing the replica from the substrate.

Solution casting a nanostructure. Preparing a template by ablating nanoholes in a substrate using single-femtosecond laser machining. Replicating the nanoholes by applying a solution of a polymer and a solvent into the template. After the solvent has substantially dissipated, removing the replica from the substrate.

Solution casting a nanostructure. Preparing a template by ablating nanoholes in a substrate using single-femtosecond laser machining. Replicating the nanoholes by applying a solution of a polymer and a solvent into the template. After the solvent has substantially dissipated, removing the replica from the substrate.

Phosphoethanolamine cellulose and methods of making and using it are disclosed. In particular, the invention relates to a method of producing a phosphoethanolamine cellulose biosynthetically using a BcsG phosphoethanolamine transferase for cellulose modification. Recombinant constructs encoding BcsG are described, including constructs encoding BcsG by itself or in combination with BcsE and BcsF, which increase the extent of cellulose modification and the amount of modified cellulose produced. Production of phosphoethanolamine cellulose in cell culture and derivatization of phosphoethanolamine cellulose are also described.

Solution casting a nanostructure. Preparing a template by ablating nanoholes in a substrate using single-femtosecond laser machining. Replicating the nanoholes by applying a solution of a polymer and a solvent into the template. After the solvent has substantially dissipated, removing the replica from the substrate.

Solution casting a nanostructure. Preparing a template by ablating nanoholes in a substrate using single-femtosecond laser machining. Replicating the nanoholes by applying a solution of a polymer and a solvent into the template. After the solvent has substantially dissipated, removing the replica from the substrate.