A method for surface modification of nanoparticles includes the separate steps of removing ligands from the surface of the nanoparticles to form ligand-free nanoparticles, and mixing new ligands with the ligand-free nanoparticles to form modified nanoparticles.

The invention relates to a polyalkyl (meth) acrylate for improving lubricating oil properties, which comprises repetition units which are derived from (meth) acrylates having 6 to 22 carbon atoms in the alcohol residues, and repetition units which are derived from amine derivatives of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer. The invention further relates to methods for producing and using the present polyalkyl (meth) acrylate.

A process for preparing a composition by free-radical polymerization of a monomer composition comprising: a) at least one ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid containing monomer or anhydride thereof; b) optionally at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer different from a) but copolymerizable therewith; and c) at least one crosslinking monomer containing at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups. The monomer composition is polymerized in an organic medium having a solubilizing effect on one or more of the monomeric ingredients, but substantially none on the resulting polymer. The polymerization is conducted in the presence of a free radical forming catalyst and at least one steric stabilizing polymer polymerized from a vinyl lactam and a copolymerizable monomer selected from a short chain alkyl ester of (meth)acrylic acid, a long chain alkyl ester of (meth)acrylic acid, and combinations thereof.

A pattern forming material according to an embodiment is a pattern forming material comprising a polymer composed of a plurality of monomer units bonded to each other. Each of the monomer units includes an ester structure having a first carbonyl group and at least one second carbonyl group bonded to the ester structure. A second carbonyl group farthest from a main chain of the polymer constituting the pattern forming material among second carbonyl groups is in a linear chain state.

A pattern forming material according to an embodiment is a pattern forming material comprising a polymer composed of a plurality of monomer units bonded to each other. Each of the monomer units includes an ester structure having a first carbonyl group and at least one second carbonyl group bonded to the ester structure. A second carbonyl group farthest from a main chain of the polymer constituting the pattern forming material among second carbonyl groups is in a linear chain state.

A method of manufacturing a polymer coated cellulose nanocrystal composite material begins with an aqueous cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspension mixture. The aqueous CNC suspension mixture is dried to remove the liquid solvent from the aqueous CNC suspension mixture to form a dry CNC powder. Diethylenetriamine (DETA) is combined with melted Maleated-anhydride Polypropylene (MAPP) to form a DETA-functionalized MAPP (MA) mixture. The MA mixture is cooled and pelletized to form MA pellets. The MA pellets, the dry CNC powder, and a neat polypropylene (PP) are combined to form a CNC-PP mixture. The CNC-PP mixture is compounded by melting, subsequently cooled and pelletized to form CNC-PP pellets.

A method of manufacturing a polymer coated cellulose nanocrystal composite material begins with an aqueous cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspension mixture. The aqueous CNC suspension mixture is dried to remove the liquid solvent from the aqueous CNC suspension mixture to form a dry CNC powder. Diethylenetriamine (DETA) is combined with melted Maleated-anhydride Polypropylene (MAPP) to form a DETA-functionalized MAPP (MA) mixture. The MA mixture is cooled and pelletized to form MA pellets. The MA pellets, the dry CNC powder, and a neat polypropylene (PP) are combined to form a CNC-PP mixture. The CNC-PP mixture is compounded by melting, subsequently cooled and pelletized to form CNC-PP pellets.

A pattern forming material according to an embodiment is a pattern forming material comprising a polymer composed of a plurality of monomer units bonded to each other. Each of the monomer units includes an ester structure having a first carbonyl group and at least one second carbonyl group bonded to the ester structure. A second carbonyl group farthest from a main chain of the polymer constituting the pattern forming material among second carbonyl groups is in a linear chain state.

A pattern forming material according to an embodiment is a pattern forming material comprising a polymer composed of a plurality of monomer units bonded to each other. Each of the monomer units includes an ester structure having a first carbonyl group and at least one second carbonyl group bonded to the ester structure. A second carbonyl group farthest from a main chain of the polymer constituting the pattern forming material among second carbonyl groups is in a linear chain state.

To provide an aqueous adhesive for an inorganic material with excellent adhesiveness to the inorganic material. An adhesive improver (J) for an aqueous adhesive of an inorganic material including a (co) polymer (A) containing an unsaturated (poly) carboxylic acid (anhydride) (al) as a constituent monomer, wherein a weight-average molecular weight of the (co) polymer (A) is 6,000 to 200,000; and an aqueous adhesive for an inorganic material (X) including the adhesive improver (J) for an aqueous adhesive of an inorganic material, a saccharide (B), a polycarboxylic acid (C) having 4 to 24 carbon atoms, and water.