To provide a water-soluble polythiophene used as an electrically conductive material, and its production method. A polythiophene comprising at least one type of structural units selected from the group consisting of structural units represented by the formula (1), structural units represented by the formula (2), structural units represented by the formula (3), structural units represented by the formula (4), structural units represented by the formula (5) and structural units represented by the formula (6). The polythiophene is obtained by polymerizing at least one thiophene compound selected from the group consisting of a thiophene compound represented by the formula (15), a thiophene compound represented by the formula (16) and a thiophene compound represented by the formula (17) in water or an alcohol solvent in the presence of an oxidizing agent.

To provide a water-soluble polythiophene used as an electrically conductive material, and its production method. A polythiophene comprising at least one type of structural units selected from the group consisting of structural units represented by the formula (1), structural units represented by the formula (2), structural units represented by the formula (3), structural units represented by the formula (4), structural units represented by the formula (5) and structural units represented by the formula (6). The polythiophene is obtained by polymerizing at least one thiophene compound selected from the group consisting of a thiophene compound represented by the formula (15), a thiophene compound represented by the formula (16) and a thiophene compound represented by the formula (17) in water or an alcohol solvent in the presence of an oxidizing agent.

Redox active polycyclic compounds and related electrode material, electrode chemical cell battery, methods and systems are described. In particular, tricyclic compounds having a redox potential of 0.20 V to 2.0 V with reference to Zn/Zn2+ electrode potential under standard conditions are described. More particularly, redox active monomers, dimers, and polymers in which each monomeric unit contains a tricyclic heterocyclic structure are provided as electrode material of a cathode for an electrochemical cell further containing a zinc anode and an aqueous electrolyte.

Redox active polycyclic compounds and related electrode material, electrode chemical cell battery, methods and systems are described. In particular, tricyclic compounds having a redox potential of 0.20 V to 2.0 V with reference to Zn/Zn2+ electrode potential under standard conditions are described. More particularly, redox active monomers, dimers, and polymers in which each monomeric unit contains a tricyclic heterocyclic structure are provided as electrode material of a cathode for an electrochemical cell further containing a zinc anode and an aqueous electrolyte.

The problem addressed was that of providing novel polymers which are preparable with a low level of complexity, with the possibility of controlled influence on the physicochemical properties thereof within wide limits in the course of synthesis, and which are usable as active media in electrical charge storage elements for high storage capacity, long lifetime and stable charging/discharging plateaus. 9,10-Bis(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-9,10-dihydroanthracene polymers consisting of an oligomeric or polymeric compound of the general formula I have been found. ##STR00001##

The problem addressed was that of providing novel polymers which are preparable with a low level of complexity, with the possibility of controlled influence on the physicochemical properties thereof within wide limits in the course of synthesis, and which are usable as active media in electrical charge storage elements for high storage capacity, long lifetime and stable charging/discharging plateaus. 9,10-Bis(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-9,10-dihydroanthracene polymers consisting of an oligomeric or polymeric compound of the general formula I have been found. ##STR00001##

The problem addressed was that of providing novel polymers which are preparable with a low level of complexity, with the possibility of controlled influence on the physicochemical properties thereof within wide limits in the course of synthesis, and which are usable as active media in electrical charge storage elements for high storage capacity, long lifetime and stable charging/discharging plateaus.

9,10-Bis(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-9,10-dihydroanthracene polymers consisting of an oligomeric or polymeric compound of the general formula I have been found.

##STR00001##

The problem addressed was that of providing novel polymers which are preparable with a low level of complexity, with the possibility of controlled influence on the physicochemical properties thereof within wide limits in the course of synthesis, and which are usable as active media in electrical charge storage elements for high storage capacity, long lifetime and stable charging/discharging plateaus.

9,10-Bis(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-9,10-dihydroanthracene polymers consisting of an oligomeric or polymeric compound of the general formula I have been found.

##STR00001##

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to compositions and methods for labeling of nucleotides, oligonucleotides, or polynucleotides with conjugated polymers or polymer dots. In particular, conjugated polymers or polymer dots can be used as detectable labels for nucleotides, oligonucleotides, or polynucleotides in sequencing by synthesis.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to compositions and methods for labeling of nucleotides, oligonucleotides, or polynucleotides with conjugated polymers or polymer dots. In particular, conjugated polymers or polymer dots can be used as detectable labels for nucleotides, oligonucleotides, or polynucleotides in sequencing by synthesis.