A fluorine-containing polymer has a fluorine content of 50% by mass or more, a degree of unsaturation of 0.1 mEq/g or more, and a glass transition temperature of −20° C. or higher, and the relationship between the maximum value E*1 of the complex elastic modulus in the range of from −50° C. to (glass transition temperature−10° C.) and the minimum value E*2 of the complex elastic modulus in the range of from (glass transition temperature+10° C.) to 250° C. satisfies the following inequality: E*2/E*1≤0.01.

The invention is directed to the selective dual wavelength olefin metathesis polymerization for additive manufacturing. Dual-wavelength stereolithographic printing uses ring-opening metathesis polymerization of the metathesis-active polymers. As an example, a resin formulation based on dicyclopentadiene was produced using a photolatent olefin metathesis catalyst, various photosensitizers and photobase generators to achieve efficient initiation by light at one wavelength (e.g., blue) and fast catalyst decomposition and polymerization deactivation by light at a second wavelength (e.g., ultraviolet). This process enables 2-dimensional stereolithographic printing, either using photomasks or with patterned, collimated light. Importantly, the same process was readily adapted for 3-dimensional continuous additive manufacturing, with printing rates of up to 36 mm h.sup.−1 for patterned light and up to 180 mm h.sup.−1 using un-patterned, high intensity light.

The invention is directed to the selective dual wavelength olefin metathesis polymerization for additive manufacturing. Dual-wavelength stereolithographic printing uses ring-opening metathesis polymerization of the metathesis-active polymers. As an example, a resin formulation based on dicyclopentadiene was produced using a photolatent olefin metathesis catalyst, various photosensitizers and photobase generators to achieve efficient initiation by light at one wavelength (e.g., blue) and fast catalyst decomposition and polymerization deactivation by light at a second wavelength (e.g., ultraviolet). This process enables 2-dimensional stereolithographic printing, either using photomasks or with patterned, collimated light. Importantly, the same process was readily adapted for 3-dimensional continuous additive manufacturing, with printing rates of up to 36 mm h.sup.−1 for patterned light and up to 180 mm h.sup.−1 using un-patterned, high intensity light.

A compound of formula (I) ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or an organic radical of 1 to 100 carbon atoms, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 are independently hydrogen or an organic radical of 1 to 100 carbons, Z is a single bond or a divalent organic group of 1 to 100 carbons, A is an (n+m)-valent organic group of 1 to 1 000 000 carbons, X is a single bond or a divalent organic group of 1 to 40 carbons, n is an integer from 1 to 1000, m is 0, 1, or 2, the sum of n+m being an integer from 2 to 1002. Such compounds are obtainable from specific 4-oxy-but-2-yn-1-ol derivatives, or used as intermediate(s), crosslinker(s), or monomer(s) in polymerization or oligomerization reactions, or for two-component compositions having such compound(s) and multifunctional hardener(s). Such compound(s) may be used to prepare polyunsaturated compounds, by reaction with an (oligo/poly)-functional nucleophile, or polymers.

A compound of formula (I) ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or an organic radical of 1 to 100 carbon atoms, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 are independently hydrogen or an organic radical of 1 to 100 carbons, Z is a single bond or a divalent organic group of 1 to 100 carbons, A is an (n+m)-valent organic group of 1 to 1 000 000 carbons, X is a single bond or a divalent organic group of 1 to 40 carbons, n is an integer from 1 to 1000, m is 0, 1, or 2, the sum of n+m being an integer from 2 to 1002. Such compounds are obtainable from specific 4-oxy-but-2-yn-1-ol derivatives, or used as intermediate(s), crosslinker(s), or monomer(s) in polymerization or oligomerization reactions, or for two-component compositions having such compound(s) and multifunctional hardener(s). Such compound(s) may be used to prepare polyunsaturated compounds, by reaction with an (oligo/poly)-functional nucleophile, or polymers.

A terminal hydroxyl functionalized polyfarnesene is provided. The polyfarnesene has more than two terminal hydroxyl groups per molecule, on average, based on the number average molecular weight. The polyfarnesenes may be homopolymers or copolymers of farnesene. Also provided is a method of making these polyfarnesenes having more than two hydroxyl groups per molecule. A composition for making a polyurethane comprising a diisocyanate and the terminal hydroxyl functionalized polyfarnesene is also provided.

An unsaturated deoxybenzoin compound has the structure (I)

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, and n are defined herein. A polymer including at least one group derived from a deoxybenzoin compound having structure (I), (II), or a combination thereof

##STR00002##

is also described, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, and n are defined herein.

Microporous polyolefin and microporous polydicyclopentadiene (polyDCPD) based aerogels and methods for preparing and using the same are provided. The aerogels are produced by forming a polymer gel structure within a solvent from a olefin or dicyclopentadiene monomer via Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) reactions, followed by supercritical drying to remove the solvent from the aerogel. Other aerogels are prepared by sequentially (1) mixing at least one dicyclopentadiene monomer, at least one solvent at least one catalyst and at least one inorganic and/or organic reinforcing material, (2) gelling the mixture, (3) aging, and (4) supercritical drying. Aerogels provided herein are inexpensive to prepare, possess desirable thermal, mechanical, acoustic, chemical, and physical properties and are hydrophobic. The aerogels provided herein are suitable for use in various applications, including but not limited to thermal and acoustic insulation, radiation shielding, and vibrational damping applications.

Microporous polyolefin and microporous polydicyclopentadiene (polyDCPD) based aerogels and methods for preparing and using the same are provided. The aerogels are produced by forming a polymer gel structure within a solvent from a olefin or dicyclopentadiene monomer via Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) reactions, followed by supercritical drying to remove the solvent from the aerogel. Other aerogels are prepared by sequentially (1) mixing at least one dicyclopentadiene monomer, at least one solvent at least one catalyst and at least one inorganic and/or organic reinforcing material, (2) gelling the mixture, (3) aging, and (4) supercritical drying. Aerogels provided herein are inexpensive to prepare, possess desirable thermal, mechanical, acoustic, chemical, and physical properties and are hydrophobic. The aerogels provided herein are suitable for use in various applications, including but not limited to thermal and acoustic insulation, radiation shielding, and vibrational damping applications.

Disclosed are new polymeric materials that respond to a mechanical force. The novel polymeric compounds contain an isomer of aziridine, a three-membered N-heterocyclic compound. Also disclosed are methods for preparing the polymeric compounds. Mechanical force-induced cycloaddition of aziridines as mechanophores yields stereospecific products without covalent bond cleavage of aziridines. That is, a mechanical force makes the mechanochemical products stereospecific. The stereospecific products prepared from the isomeric mechanophores by a mechanical force can be widely used in various industrial fields, including new materials.