The present invention provides an antifouling film that is excellent in antifouling properties, rubbing resistance, and adhesion. The antifouling film includes: a substrate; and a polymer layer disposed on a surface of the substrate and including on a surface thereof an uneven structure provided with projections at a pitch not longer than a wavelength of visible light, the polymer layer being a cured product of a polymerizable composition, the polymerizable composition containing, in terms of active components, 30 to 80 wt % of a polyfunctional acrylate, 10 to 30 wt % of a monofunctional amide monomer, 0.5 to 10 wt % of a fluorine-based release agent, and 5 to 30 wt % of a vinyl-based polymer containing a repeat unit represented by a predetermined formula.

The present invention provides an antifouling film that is excellent in antifouling properties, rubbing resistance, and adhesion. The antifouling film includes: a substrate; and a polymer layer disposed on a surface of the substrate and including on a surface thereof an uneven structure provided with projections at a pitch not longer than a wavelength of visible light, the polymer layer being a cured product of a polymerizable composition, the polymerizable composition containing, in terms of active components, 30 to 80 wt % of a polyfunctional acrylate, 10 to 30 wt % of a monofunctional amide monomer, 0.5 to 10 wt % of a fluorine-based release agent, and 5 to 30 wt % of a vinyl-based polymer containing a repeat unit represented by a predetermined formula.

A method for producing a hydroxyl group-containing vinyl ether polymer according to the present invention includes: a step of radical polymerizing at least one vinyl ether selected from vinyl ether having a hydroxyl group represented by the following formula (2): ##STR00001## wherein R.sup.7 represents an alkylene group which is straight-chained, branched or comprises an alicyclic structure, and p is 1, 2, or 3, in the presence of water as a polymerization solvent and an azo compound represented by the following formula (1) as a polymerization initiator: ##STR00002## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group and R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 each independently represent an alkoxy group optionally having a substituent group or an alkyl amino group optionally having a substituent group.

A method for producing a hydroxyl group-containing vinyl ether polymer according to the present invention includes: a step of radical polymerizing at least one vinyl ether selected from vinyl ether having a hydroxyl group represented by the following formula (2): ##STR00001## wherein R.sup.7 represents an alkylene group which is straight-chained, branched or comprises an alicyclic structure, and p is 1, 2, or 3, in the presence of water as a polymerization solvent and an azo compound represented by the following formula (1) as a polymerization initiator: ##STR00002## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group and R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 each independently represent an alkoxy group optionally having a substituent group or an alkyl amino group optionally having a substituent group.

The present invention provides an antifouling film that is excellent in antifouling properties, rubbing resistance, and adhesion. The antifouling film includes: a substrate; and a polymer layer disposed on a surface of the substrate and including on a surface thereof an uneven structure provided with projections at a pitch not longer than a wavelength of visible light, the polymer layer being a cured product of a polymerizable composition, the polymerizable composition containing, in terms of active components, 30 to 80 wt % of a polyfunctional acrylate, 10 to 30 wt % of a monofunctional amide monomer, 0.5 to 10 wt % of a fluorine-based release agent, and 5 to 30 wt % of a vinyl-based polymer containing a repeat unit represented by a predetermined formula.

The present invention provides an antifouling film that is excellent in antifouling properties, rubbing resistance, and adhesion. The antifouling film includes: a substrate; and a polymer layer disposed on a surface of the substrate and including on a surface thereof an uneven structure provided with projections at a pitch not longer than a wavelength of visible light, the polymer layer being a cured product of a polymerizable composition, the polymerizable composition containing, in terms of active components, 30 to 80 wt % of a polyfunctional acrylate, 10 to 30 wt % of a monofunctional amide monomer, 0.5 to 10 wt % of a fluorine-based release agent, and 5 to 30 wt % of a vinyl-based polymer containing a repeat unit represented by a predetermined formula.

The present invention provides a polymerizable composition having excellent solubility and high storage stability with no precipitation of crystals or the like, and provides a polymerizable composition that is unlikely to develop unevenness when a polymer of the composition is produced and is unlikely to deteriorate the appearance due to offset of the surfactant. Also provided are a polymer, optically anisotropic body, display element, light-emitting element, and the like using the polymerizable composition. Specifically, provided is a polymerizable composition a) one or more polymerizable compounds having one polymerizable group or two or more polymerizable groups that satisfy formula (I) Re(450 nm)/Re(550 nm)<1.0 (I) and b) a surfactant having a weight average molecular weight of 5000 or higher. Also provided are a polymer, optically anisotropic body, display element, light-emitting element, and the like using the polymerizable composition.

A method for producing a hydroxyl group-containing vinyl ether polymer according to the present invention includes: a step of radical polymerizing at least one vinyl ether selected from vinyl ether having a hydroxyl group represented by the following formula (2):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.7 represents an alkylene group which is straight-chained, branched or comprises an alicyclic structure, and p is 1, 2, or 3, in the presence of water as a polymerization solvent and an azo compound represented by the following formula (1) as a polymerization initiator:

##STR00002##

wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group and R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 each independently represent an alkoxy group optionally having a substituent group or an alkyl amino group optionally having a substituent group.

A method for producing a copolymer for semiconductor lithography containing less metal impurities, and a method for purifying a polymerization initiator for production of the copolymer, are provided. The method for purifying a polymerization initiator to be used for production of a polymer includes a filtering step wherein a solution of a polymerization initiator dissolved in an organic solvent is allowed to pass through a filter having a nominal pore size of not more than 1.0 m, to reduce the sodium content of the polymerization initiator solution to not more than 300 ppb with respect to the weight of the polymerization initiator. Further, the method for producing a copolymer for semiconductor lithography includes a polymerization step wherein the polymer for semiconductor lithography is synthesized by a radical polymerization reaction in the presence of a polymerization initiator purified by the above purification method.

The invention relates to a film comprising a functionalized polyolefin polymer and to the use of the film as an encapsulant film for a photovoltaic module. The functionalized polyolefin polymer is a polymer selected from: (a) a propylene copolymer, (b) a propylene terpolymer, (c) an ethylene terpolymer, and (d) a polymer mixture comprising any combination of polymers (a) to (c). Further, the functionalized polyolefin polymer comprises <0.8 wt %, of an inorganic metal oxide such as alumina, based on the total weight of the functionalized polyolefin polymer. The invention further relates to an encapsulated solar cell comprising encapsulant layers comprising the film. The invention further relates to a photovoltaic module comprising the encapsulated solar cell and to a process for making the photovoltaic module.