A insulated electric wire having an insulating layer containing a fluororesin, the insulated electric wire having a high flexibility with the heat resistance of the fluororesin maintained. The insulated electric wire is obtained by covering a conductor with an insulating layer containing a copolymer of a monomer expressed by a Formula (1) and a monomer expressed by a Formula (2). It is preferable that a copolymerization ratio of the monomer expressed by Formula (2) in the copolymer is at least 10 mass %. Note that Rf represents a perfluoroalkyl group including one or more ether bonds in its structure.

The present invention relates to a method of producing a powder coating material containing a fluororesin and a non-fluororesin. The method of producing a powder coating material includes kneading a raw material containing the fluororesin and the non-fluororesin with a kneading extruder equipped with a screw having a kneading zone, wherein a ratio of a length L.sub.K of the kneading zone to an effective length L.sub.S of the screw (L.sub.K/L.sub.S×100) is 21.0 to 50.0%.

Provided herein are processes for the generation of composite polymer materials utilizing a single resin. The processes utilize diffusion between a region undergoing a polymerization reaction preferentially polymerizing one monomer component and an unreactive region. Diffusion and subsequent/concurrent polymerization results in a higher concentration of the more reactive monomer component in the reacting region and a higher concentration of the less reactive monomer components in the unreactive region. The unreactive region may be later polymerized. In embodiments, photopolymerization is used and the regions are generated by a mask or other mechanism to pattern the light.

Provided herein are processes for the generation of composite polymer materials utilizing a single resin. The processes utilize diffusion between a region undergoing a polymerization reaction preferentially polymerizing one monomer component and an unreactive region. Diffusion and subsequent/concurrent polymerization results in a higher concentration of the more reactive monomer component in the reacting region and a higher concentration of the less reactive monomer components in the unreactive region. The unreactive region may be later polymerized. In embodiments, photopolymerization is used and the regions are generated by a mask or other mechanism to pattern the light.

A copolymer containing tetrafluoroethylene unit and a perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) unit, wherein the copolymer has a content of the perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) unit of 2.8 to 3.5% by mass with respect to the whole of the monomer units, a melt flow rate of 31 to 38 g/10 min, and the number of functional groups of 50 or less per 10.sup.6 main-chain carbon atoms, and the number of functional groups of —CF═CF.sub.2, —CF.sub.2H, —COF, —COOH, —COOCH.sub.3, —CONH.sub.2 and —CH.sub.2OH of 50 or less per 10.sup.6 main-chain carbon atoms. Also disclosed is an injection molded article, a member to be compressed and a coated electric wire including the copolymer.

A copolymer containing a tetrafluoroethylene unit and a perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) unit, wherein the copolymer has a content of the perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) unit of 2.0 to 2.7% by mass with respect to the whole of the monomer units, a melt flow rate at 372° C. of 0.8 to 7.0 g/10 min, and the number of functional groups of —CF═CF.sub.2, —CF.sub.2H, —COF, —COOH, —COOCH.sub.3, —CONH.sub.2 and —CH.sub.2OH of 50 or less per 10.sup.6 main-chain carbon atoms. Also disclosed is a compression molded article, an extrusion formed article, a transfer molded article, a member to be compressed, a film, a tube and a coated electric wire including the copolymer.

A sealing member containing a copolymer containing tetrafluoroethylene unit and a perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) unit, wherein the copolymer has a content of the perfluoro (propyl vinyl ether) unit of 4.0 to 6.0% by mass with respect to the whole of the monomer units, a melt flow rate of 26 to 37 g/10 min, and the number of functional groups of —CF═CF.sub.2, —CF.sub.2H, —COF, —COOH, —COOCH.sub.3, —CONH.sub.2 and —CH.sub.2OH of more than 50 per 10.sup.6 main-chain carbon atoms, wherein the sealing member has a thickness of 0.5 to 2.5 mm and a sealing area of 0.5 to 50 cm.sup.2, and wherein the sealing member is in a state of being compressed at a compression deformation rate of 20 to 60%. Also disclosed is a power storage assembly including the sealing member.

Described herein are amorphous fluorinated copolymers produced by the polymerization of one or more fluorinated ring monomers and one or more fluorinated comonomers containing multiple ether oxygens. The copolymers are suitable in many high-technology applications, such as optical fibers, anti-reflection coatings, protective coatings, and gas separation membranes. In one aspect, the copolymers are useful is in the field of membrane-based gas separation processes. In one aspect, amorphous copolymer is produced by polymerizing (a) one or more fluorinated ring monomers in the amount of 1 mol % to 99.5 mol %, wherein the fluorinated ring monomer is at least a five membered ring and (b) a comonomer in the amount of from 0.5 mol % to 99 mol %, wherein the comonomer comprises a fluorinated compound with two or more ether oxygens.

A copolymer containing tetrafluoroethylene unit and a perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) unit, wherein the copolymer has a content of the perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) unit of 5.8 to 7.6% by mass with respect to the whole of the monomer units, a melt flow rate of 50 to 68 g/10 min, and the number of functional groups of —CF═CF.sub.2, —CF.sub.2H, —COF, —COOH, —COOCH.sub.3, —CONH.sub.2 and —CH.sub.2OH of 50 or less per 10.sup.6 main-chain carbon atoms. Also disclosed is an injection molded article and member to be compressed containing the copolymer, and a coated electric wire including a coating layer containing the copolymer.

Presently described is a monomer having the formula:

##STR00001##

wherein n ranges from 2 to 8; Y is F or C.sub.mF.sub.2m+1; a is 0, or averages 1 to 2; m is independently 1, 2, 3, or 4; and X is F or OH.

Also described is a method of making such monomer, various compounds prepared during while making the monomer, fluoropolymers comprising polymerized units of such monomer, fuel cell membranes, membrane electrode assemblies, and methods of making fluoropolymers.