A liquid crystal composition includes: at least one of a compound represented by Formula (I) or a compound represented by Formula (II); and a rod-like liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group that does not correspond to both of Formula (I) and Formula (II)

##STR00001##

A liquid crystal composition includes: at least one of a compound represented by Formula (I) or a compound represented by Formula (II); and a rod-like liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group that does not correspond to both of Formula (I) and Formula (II)

##STR00001##

A personal care conditioning and/or styling composition for a keratin substrate comprising: (A) at least one conditioning and/or styling ter/tetra polymer obtained by polymerizing: (i) about 50 wt. % to 97 wt. % of at least one cationic or pseudo-cationic monomer selected from the group consisting of diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DADMAC), Hydroxyethyl-pyrrolidone-methacrylate (MO6), and/or Vinylpyrrolidone (VP); (ii) about 1 wt. % to 30 wt. % of at least one anionic monomer selected from the group consisting of (a) acrylic acid (AA), (b) acrylamido methylpropyl sulfonate (AMPS), and/or (c) sodium methyl allyl sulfonate (SMAS); and (iii) about 0.1 wt. % to 20 wt. % of at least one hydrophobic monomer selected from the group consisting of (a) polyoxyethylene (PEG)-18-behenylether-methacrylate (BEM) (b) Lauryl-ethoxylated-methacrylate (LEM), (c) stearyl acrylate (SA), (d) Streath-10-allyl-ether, and/or (e) Vinylcaprolactam (V-cap); and wherein said ter/tetra polymer has a cationic degree of substitution (Cat-DS) of greater than about 0.001 units, and wherein the cationic charge density is in the range of about 1 meq/g to about 6.5 meq/g; (B) at least one cosmetically acceptable excipient; and (C) optionally, at least one effective amount of personal care active ingredient. Also, disclosed is a process of preparing said ter/tetra polymer, and its method of use.

A personal care conditioning and/or styling composition for a keratin substrate comprising: (A) at least one conditioning and/or styling ter/tetra polymer obtained by polymerizing: (i) about 50 wt. % to 97 wt. % of at least one cationic or pseudo-cationic monomer selected from the group consisting of diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DADMAC), Hydroxyethyl-pyrrolidone-methacrylate (MO6), and/or Vinylpyrrolidone (VP); (ii) about 1 wt. % to 30 wt. % of at least one anionic monomer selected from the group consisting of (a) acrylic acid (AA), (b) acrylamido methylpropyl sulfonate (AMPS), and/or (c) sodium methyl allyl sulfonate (SMAS); and (iii) about 0.1 wt. % to 20 wt. % of at least one hydrophobic monomer selected from the group consisting of (a) polyoxyethylene (PEG)-18-behenylether-methacrylate (BEM) (b) Lauryl-ethoxylated-methacrylate (LEM), (c) stearyl acrylate (SA), (d) Streath-10-allyl-ether, and/or (e) Vinylcaprolactam (V-cap); and wherein said ter/tetra polymer has a cationic degree of substitution (Cat-DS) of greater than about 0.001 units, and wherein the cationic charge density is in the range of about 1 meq/g to about 6.5 meq/g; (B) at least one cosmetically acceptable excipient; and (C) optionally, at least one effective amount of personal care active ingredient. Also, disclosed is a process of preparing said ter/tetra polymer, and its method of use.

A method for the production of paper or cardboard is provide comprising the following steps: (A) Adding a water soluble polymer P to a first aqueous pulp suspension, wherein polymer P is obtainable by Polymerizing to a polymer V of (i) 33 to 83 mol % of a monomer of formula I ##STR00001## in which R.sup.1═H or C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, (ii) 6 to 56 mol % of diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, diallyl diethyl ammonium chloride or a salt form of a monoethylenically unsaturated monomer, (iii) 11 to 61 mol % of a monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid or phosphonic acid, or salt forms thereof, (iv) 0 to 50 mol % of one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers, and hydrolyzing the N—C(═O)R.sup.1 groups to form primary amino or amidine groups, (B) dehydrating the second aqueous pulp suspension to a wet paper structure, (C) dehydrating the wet paper structure.

An energy storage device comprises two electrodes; and a separator disposed between the electrodes; wherein at least one of the electrodes and the separator comprises a copolymer, which serves as a non-aqueous binder and/or solid electrolyte for the electrodes and the separator of the energy storage device, and the copolymer is a copolymerized product or its derivative formed by the polymerization reaction of acrylonitrile and vinyl acetate. Therefore, the charge and discharge properties of the energy storage device using the copolymer can be improved, thereby effectively extending the efficiency and lifetime of the energy storage device.

The present invention provides a vinyl alcohol-amino acid ester copolymer that is excellent in properties such as cell culture properties, biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and solubility in organic solvents, and is applicable to the medical field, the biomaterial field, and the agricultural field (medical and life science fields). Provided is a vinyl alcohol-amino acid ester copolymer including a unit represented by the following formula (1) and a unit represented by the following formula (2):

##STR00001##

where, in the formula (2), R.sup.1 represents a hydrocarbon group that may optionally have a substituent, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, may optionally be bonded together to form a cyclic structure.

The present invention provides a vinyl alcohol-amino acid ester copolymer that is excellent in properties such as cell culture properties, biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and solubility in organic solvents, and is applicable to the medical field, the biomaterial field, and the agricultural field (medical and life science fields). Provided is a vinyl alcohol-amino acid ester copolymer including a unit represented by the following formula (1) and a unit represented by the following formula (2):

##STR00001##

where, in the formula (2), R.sup.1 represents a hydrocarbon group that may optionally have a substituent, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, may optionally be bonded together to form a cyclic structure.

Recording a volume Bragg grating is effectuated by a recording medium formed from a matrix polymer precursor including a controlled radical reactive group, a photoactive base monomer, and a photoinitiator system more reactive with the photoactive base monomer than the controlled radical reactive group in the presence of an excitation source, and a photoredox catalyst. The medium is cured thereby forming a support matrix from the matrix polymer precursor. Exposure to the excitation source through a pattern causes the photoinitiator to polymerize the base monomer, forming a latent grating of the Bragg grating. The latent grating has bright and dark fringes determined by the pattern. The concentration of polymerized base polymer is higher in the bright fringes than in the dark fringes. The exposing causes a portion of the matrix to diffuse into the dark fringes. The support matrix has a lower refractive index than the polymerized photoactive base monomer.

Recording a volume Bragg grating is effectuated by a recording medium formed from a matrix polymer precursor including a controlled radical reactive group, a photoactive base monomer, and a photoinitiator system more reactive with the photoactive base monomer than the controlled radical reactive group in the presence of an excitation source, and a photoredox catalyst. The medium is cured thereby forming a support matrix from the matrix polymer precursor. Exposure to the excitation source through a pattern causes the photoinitiator to polymerize the base monomer, forming a latent grating of the Bragg grating. The latent grating has bright and dark fringes determined by the pattern. The concentration of polymerized base polymer is higher in the bright fringes than in the dark fringes. The exposing causes a portion of the matrix to diffuse into the dark fringes. The support matrix has a lower refractive index than the polymerized photoactive base monomer.