A method for manufacturing a polymer emulsion includes the following steps. A mixture is heated to a first temperature less than or equal to about 40° C. The mixture including about 100 to about 500 parts by weight of a monomer and about 0.5 to about 95 parts by weight of a first cross-linking agent, in which the monomer has a structure of formula (I): ##STR00001##
and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 represent H or C1-C4 alkyl group, respectively. About 0.005 to about 5 parts by weight of a first initiator is added. About 0.003 to about 5 parts by weight of a reducing agent is added to form an intermediate product. The intermediate product is heated to a second temperature less than or equal to about 92° C.

A method for manufacturing a polymer emulsion includes the following steps. A mixture is heated to a first temperature less than or equal to about 40° C. The mixture including about 100 to about 500 parts by weight of a monomer and about 0.5 to about 95 parts by weight of a first cross-linking agent, in which the monomer has a structure of formula (I): ##STR00001##
and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 represent H or C1-C4 alkyl group, respectively. About 0.005 to about 5 parts by weight of a first initiator is added. About 0.003 to about 5 parts by weight of a reducing agent is added to form an intermediate product. The intermediate product is heated to a second temperature less than or equal to about 92° C.

Disclosed is a self-invertible inverse latex having an aqueous phase, including: a) a cross-linked anionic polyelectrolyte (P) including: —at least one first monomer unit derived from at least one monomer selected from the elements of the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, 2-carboxyethyl acrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, 3-methyl 3-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]butanoic acid, the carboxylic function of the monomers being in the free, partially salified or totally salified acid form; and —at least one monomer unit derived from a polyethylenic cross-linking monomer (AR); b) ethylenediamine disuccinic acid in the form of trisodium salt.

Disclosed is a self-invertible inverse latex having an aqueous phase, including: a) a cross-linked anionic polyelectrolyte (P) including: —at least one first monomer unit derived from at least one monomer selected from the elements of the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, 2-carboxyethyl acrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, 3-methyl 3-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]butanoic acid, the carboxylic function of the monomers being in the free, partially salified or totally salified acid form; and —at least one monomer unit derived from a polyethylenic cross-linking monomer (AR); b) ethylenediamine disuccinic acid in the form of trisodium salt.

Fracturing fluid comprising, in solution in water, a proppant and an associative amphoteric polymer, the said polymer and comprising: 0.01 to 10 mol % of at least one cationic monomer containing a hydrophobic chain, from 0.09 to 89.99 mol % of at least one anionic monomer, and from 10 to 99.9 mol % of at least one nonionic water-soluble monomer, the total amount of monomer being 100 mol %. Fracturing process using this fluid.

Fracturing fluid comprising, in solution in water, a proppant and an associative amphoteric polymer, the said polymer and comprising: 0.01 to 10 mol % of at least one cationic monomer containing a hydrophobic chain, from 0.09 to 89.99 mol % of at least one anionic monomer, and from 10 to 99.9 mol % of at least one nonionic water-soluble monomer, the total amount of monomer being 100 mol %. Fracturing process using this fluid.

A sludge dehydrating agent comprising a cationic polymer which has: a constitutional unit a derived from a quaternary ammonium salt having a specific structure; and at least one constitutional unit selected from among a constitutional unit b derived from a quaternary ammonium salt having a specific structure and a constitutional unit c derived from a tertiary amine salt having a specific structure, wherein the intrinsic viscosity of the cationic polymer at 30° C. in a 1 mol/L sodium nitrate aqueous solution is 0.5-4.0 dL/g.

A sludge dehydrating agent comprising a cationic polymer which has: a constitutional unit a derived from a quaternary ammonium salt having a specific structure; and at least one constitutional unit selected from among a constitutional unit b derived from a quaternary ammonium salt having a specific structure and a constitutional unit c derived from a tertiary amine salt having a specific structure, wherein the intrinsic viscosity of the cationic polymer at 30° C. in a 1 mol/L sodium nitrate aqueous solution is 0.5-4.0 dL/g.

The present invention provides a binder for a nonaqueous secondary battery electrode capable of greatly improving the peeling strength of an electrode active material layer to a current collector while suppressing the occurrence of cracks in the electrode active material layer formed on the current collector. The binder for a nonaqueous secondary battery electrode includes a copolymer (P) having a structural unit (a) derived from a monomer (A) represented by formula (1), a structural unit (b) derived from a monomer (B) which is at least one kind selected from the group consisting of a (meth)acrylic acid and a salt thereof, and a structural unit (c) derived from a monomer (C) which is an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester of an aromatic alcohol.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides a binder for a nonaqueous secondary battery electrode capable of greatly improving the peeling strength of an electrode active material layer to a current collector while suppressing the occurrence of cracks in the electrode active material layer formed on the current collector. The binder for a nonaqueous secondary battery electrode includes a copolymer (P) having a structural unit (a) derived from a monomer (A) represented by formula (1), a structural unit (b) derived from a monomer (B) which is at least one kind selected from the group consisting of a (meth)acrylic acid and a salt thereof, and a structural unit (c) derived from a monomer (C) which is an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester of an aromatic alcohol.

##STR00001##