Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass compositions comprising a long shelf stabilized organopalladium compound of formula (I) as described herein. The composition further contains a photoacid generator, a photosensitizer and one or more olefinic monomers as described herein. The shelf life of the compositions can further be extended by employing a stabilizer, such as for example, a hindered amine. The composition undergoes vinyl addition polymerization when it is exposed to a suitable actinic radiation to form a substantially transparent film or a three dimensional object. More specifically, the compositions of this invention are stable at room temperature for several days to several months and can also be stored at higher temperatures from about 40° C. to 60° C. for several days and undergo mass polymerization only when subjected to suitable actinic radiation. The monomers employed therein have a range of optical and mechanical properties, and thus these compositions can be tailored to form films and/or three dimensional objects having various opto-electronic properties. Accordingly, compositions of this invention are useful in various applications, including as coatings, encapsulants, fillers, leveling agents, sealants, adhesives, among others.

Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass compositions comprising a long shelf stabilized organopalladium compound of formula (I) as described herein. The composition further contains a photoacid generator, a photosensitizer and one or more olefinic monomers as described herein. The shelf life of the compositions can further be extended by employing a stabilizer, such as for example, a hindered amine. The composition undergoes vinyl addition polymerization when it is exposed to a suitable actinic radiation to form a substantially transparent film or a three dimensional object. More specifically, the compositions of this invention are stable at room temperature for several days to several months and can also be stored at higher temperatures from about 40° C. to 60° C. for several days and undergo mass polymerization only when subjected to suitable actinic radiation. The monomers employed therein have a range of optical and mechanical properties, and thus these compositions can be tailored to form films and/or three dimensional objects having various opto-electronic properties. Accordingly, compositions of this invention are useful in various applications, including as coatings, encapsulants, fillers, leveling agents, sealants, adhesives, among others.

A statistical, cationic-functionalized norbornene copolymer is formed by a process including performing a vinyl addition polymerization in the presence of a metal catalyst of a first norbornene monomer substituted with a first alkyl group and at least a second norbornene monomer substituted with a second alkyl group, to form an intermediate norbornene copolymer. The second alkyl group includes a substituent which undergoes a substitution reaction with a precursor of a cationic group. The process further includes adding the precursor for the cationic group to the intermediate norbornene copolymer to form the cationic functionalized norbornene copolymer. The cationic group has a volume of 0.25 cm.sup.3/mol or greater (for example, a phosphonium group or an imidazolium group).

A statistical, cationic-functionalized norbornene copolymer is formed by a process including performing a vinyl addition polymerization in the presence of a metal catalyst of a first norbornene monomer substituted with a first alkyl group and at least a second norbornene monomer substituted with a second alkyl group, to form an intermediate norbornene copolymer. The second alkyl group includes a substituent which undergoes a substitution reaction with a precursor of a cationic group. The process further includes adding the precursor for the cationic group to the intermediate norbornene copolymer to form the cationic functionalized norbornene copolymer. The cationic group has a volume of 0.25 cm.sup.3/mol or greater (for example, a phosphonium group or an imidazolium group).

A statistical, cationic-functionalized norbornene copolymer is formed by a process including performing a vinyl addition polymerization in the presence of a metal catalyst of a first norbornene monomer substituted with a first alkyl group and at least a second norbornene monomer substituted with a second alkyl group, to form an intermediate norbornene copolymer. The second alkyl group includes a substituent which undergoes a substitution reaction with a precursor of a cationic group. The process further includes adding the precursor for the cationic group to the intermediate norbornene copolymer to form the cationic functionalized norbornene copolymer. The cationic group has a volume of 0.25 cm.sup.3/mol or greater (for example, a phosphonium group or an imidazolium group).

To provide a powder dispersion comprising a tetrafluoroethylene polymer, a particular polyoxyalkylene-modified polydimethylsiloxane and a liquid dispersion medium, and a composite having a baked product having physical properties intrinsic to the tetrafluoroethylene polymer. [Solution] The powder dispersion of the present invention comprises a powder of a tetrafluorethylene polymer, a liquid dispersion medium and a polyoxyalkylene-modified polydimethylsiloxane having a weight average molecular weight of at most 3,000 and an HLB value of from 1 to 18 calculated by Griffin's equation The composite of the present invention is produced by applying the powder dispersion of the present invention to the surface of a substrate and heating the powder dispersion.

To provide a powder dispersion comprising a tetrafluoroethylene polymer, a particular polyoxyalkylene-modified polydimethylsiloxane and a liquid dispersion medium, and a composite having a baked product having physical properties intrinsic to the tetrafluoroethylene polymer. [Solution] The powder dispersion of the present invention comprises a powder of a tetrafluorethylene polymer, a liquid dispersion medium and a polyoxyalkylene-modified polydimethylsiloxane having a weight average molecular weight of at most 3,000 and an HLB value of from 1 to 18 calculated by Griffin's equation The composite of the present invention is produced by applying the powder dispersion of the present invention to the surface of a substrate and heating the powder dispersion.

A method of manufacturing a copolymer resin of dicyclopentadiene and a vinyl aromatic compound, by which the resin can be continuously manufactured with reduced generation of high molecular weight products of the vinyl aromatic compound and insoluble substances from dicyclopentadiene, and at high yield. The manufacturing method includes continuously injecting polymerization raw materials into a preheated solvent in the reaction system, and concurrently ejecting a part of the reaction solution containing the solvent and the polymerization raw materials outside the reaction system, while raising the temperature of the polymerization raw materials. This enables rapid rise of the temperature of the polymerization raw materials by utilizing sensible heat, resulting in reduced generation of insoluble substances. In addition, providing a reaction step following the raw material injection step allows the polymerization reaction to proceed until a desired molecular weight is achieved, resulting in improved yield.

A method of manufacturing a copolymer resin of dicyclopentadiene and a vinyl aromatic compound, by which the resin can be continuously manufactured with reduced generation of high molecular weight products of the vinyl aromatic compound and insoluble substances from dicyclopentadiene, and at high yield. The manufacturing method includes continuously injecting polymerization raw materials into a preheated solvent in the reaction system, and concurrently ejecting a part of the reaction solution containing the solvent and the polymerization raw materials outside the reaction system, while raising the temperature of the polymerization raw materials. This enables rapid rise of the temperature of the polymerization raw materials by utilizing sensible heat, resulting in reduced generation of insoluble substances. In addition, providing a reaction step following the raw material injection step allows the polymerization reaction to proceed until a desired molecular weight is achieved, resulting in improved yield.

A method of manufacturing a copolymer resin of dicyclopentadiene and a vinyl aromatic compound, by which the resin can be continuously manufactured with reduced generation of high molecular weight products of the vinyl aromatic compound and insoluble substances from dicyclopentadiene, and at high yield. The manufacturing method includes continuously injecting polymerization raw materials into a preheated solvent in the reaction system, and concurrently ejecting a part of the reaction solution containing the solvent and the polymerization raw materials outside the reaction system, while raising the temperature of the polymerization raw materials. This enables rapid rise of the temperature of the polymerization raw materials by utilizing sensible heat, resulting in reduced generation of insoluble substances. In addition, providing a reaction step following the raw material injection step allows the polymerization reaction to proceed until a desired molecular weight is achieved, resulting in improved yield.