A polymer including a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1, an electroluminescence device material including the polymer, an electroluminescence device including the polymer or the electroluminescence device material, and an electronic device including the electroluminescence device are provided:

##STR00001##

In Chemical Formula 1, the definition of each substituent is the same as described in the specification.

A polymer including a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1, an electroluminescence device material including the polymer, an electroluminescence device including the polymer or the electroluminescence device material, and an electronic device including the electroluminescence device are provided:

##STR00001##

In Chemical Formula 1, the definition of each substituent is the same as described in the specification.

Compositions and methods for determining the origin location of a subterranean sample are provided. Compositions include a polymer-clay composite tag. The tag includes a nanoclay including a plurality of layers, and a polymer intercalated between the layers of the nanoclay. The polymer is functionalized with a fluorescent dye. A method to determine the origin location of a subterranean sample includes mixing a barcoded polymer-clay composite tag into a fluid, flowing the fluid through a work string into a subterranean formation, recovering subterranean samples from the subterranean formation, and determining the origin location of the subterranean sample by detecting the presence of the barcoded polymer-clay composite tag.

Compositions and methods for determining the origin location of a subterranean sample are provided. Compositions include a polymer-clay composite tag. The tag includes a nanoclay including a plurality of layers, and a polymer intercalated between the layers of the nanoclay. The polymer is functionalized with a fluorescent dye. A method to determine the origin location of a subterranean sample includes mixing a barcoded polymer-clay composite tag into a fluid, flowing the fluid through a work string into a subterranean formation, recovering subterranean samples from the subterranean formation, and determining the origin location of the subterranean sample by detecting the presence of the barcoded polymer-clay composite tag.

A composition for forming an upper layer film is applied onto a resist film formed using an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, and includes a resin X and a compound A having a radical trapping group. A pattern forming method includes applying an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition onto a substrate to form a resist film, applying the composition for forming an upper layer film onto the resist film to form an upper layer film on the resist film, exposing the resist film having the upper layer film formed thereon, and developing the exposed resist film using a developer including an organic solvent to form a pattern.

The inventionrelates to a curable mixture comprising: RM % of m-xylylene bismaleimide of formula (I) ##STR00001##
RP % of a polyimide component, and RC % of a comonomer component. Further, the invention relates to methods for the preparation of the curable mixture, methods for the preparation of a prepolymer, of a crosslinked polymer, and composite materials, in particular of fiber-reinforced composites. In addition, the present invention relates to a prepolymer, a crosslinked polymer and composite materials, in particular fiber-reinforced composites, obtainable by said methods.

Herein, the synthesis of N,Ndiallyl morpholinium monomers and polymerization of the same to form rings at high yield and purity are explained. The process involves the synthesis of N,Ndiallyl morpholinium bromide and chloride and subsequently partially or completely exchanging their anions with borate, p-toluenesulfonate, oleate, and acetate anions. The cyclopolimerization of monomers yields water soluble polymers carrying quaternary ammonium groups in each repeated unit, whose aqueous solutions act as a bactericide solution. These solutions are advantageous in preparation of antibacterial formulations intended for domestic use. The polymer with bromide and borate anions is an efficient antibacterial which is able to kill “Pseudomonas Aeruginosa”, the hardest hospital bacterium to cope with, as well as various common bacteria. These formulations are suitable for producing bactericide wet wipes and forming abacterial surfaces and, when combined with air conditioners, generating bacteria free air.

Herein, the synthesis of N,Ndiallyl morpholinium monomers and polymerization of the same to form rings at high yield and purity are explained. The process involves the synthesis of N,Ndiallyl morpholinium bromide and chloride and subsequently partially or completely exchanging their anions with borate, p-toluenesulfonate, oleate, and acetate anions. The cyclopolimerization of monomers yields water soluble polymers carrying quaternary ammonium groups in each repeated unit, whose aqueous solutions act as a bactericide solution. These solutions are advantageous in preparation of antibacterial formulations intended for domestic use. The polymer with bromide and borate anions is an efficient antibacterial which is able to kill “Pseudomonas Aeruginosa”, the hardest hospital bacterium to cope with, as well as various common bacteria. These formulations are suitable for producing bactericide wet wipes and forming abacterial surfaces and, when combined with air conditioners, generating bacteria free air.

Provided is a method for efficiently producing on an industrial scale a high-performance polyvinylamine solution having good handling properties. After producing a polymer containing N-vinylcarboxamide monomer units having a value of the weight average molecular weight (Mw)/number average molecular weight (Mn) of 5 or higher by aqueous solution standing adiabatic polymerization, the polymer is hydrolyzed in an aqueous solvent in the presence of an alkali and an antigelling agent. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a polymer powder having a volatile content of 0.1-12% by mass is obtained by drying and pulverizing after producing a (co)polymer, and the powder obtained is stored or transported to the site of use of the polymer solution and hydrolyzed in an aqueous solvent in the presence of an alkali and an antigelling agent when the polymer solution is needed or at the site of use of the polymer solution.

Provided is a method for efficiently producing on an industrial scale a high-performance polyvinylamine solution having good handling properties. After producing a polymer containing N-vinylcarboxamide monomer units having a value of the weight average molecular weight (Mw)/number average molecular weight (Mn) of 5 or higher by aqueous solution standing adiabatic polymerization, the polymer is hydrolyzed in an aqueous solvent in the presence of an alkali and an antigelling agent. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a polymer powder having a volatile content of 0.1-12% by mass is obtained by drying and pulverizing after producing a (co)polymer, and the powder obtained is stored or transported to the site of use of the polymer solution and hydrolyzed in an aqueous solvent in the presence of an alkali and an antigelling agent when the polymer solution is needed or at the site of use of the polymer solution.