There is a process for high sulfur content copolymer preparation having the step of reacting sulfur in solid form with at least one crosslinker selected from organic compounds having at least a double or triple bond in the presence of at least one catalyst selected from dithiocarbamates, mercaptobenzothiazoles, xanthates, thiophosphates, at a temperature ranging from 110° C. to 180° C.

The high sulfur content copolymer, depending on the glass transition temperature, can be of elastomeric or thermoplastic type and can be advantageously used in different applications. In case of an elastomeric-type high sulfur content copolymer, the copolymer can be advantageously used in different applications such as, for example, thermal insulation, conveyor belts, transmission belts, flexible tubes, elastomeric tire compositions. In case of a thermoplastic-type high sulfur content copolymer, the copolymer can be advantageously used, as such or in a mixture with other (co)polymers (for example, styrene, divinylbenzene), in different applications such as, for example, packaging, electronics, household appliances, computer cases, CD cases, kitchen, laboratories, offices and medical items, in building and construction.

A resin composition includes a first prepolymer and a second prepolymer, the first prepolymer being prepared from a first mixture subjected to a prepolymerization reaction, the second prepolymer being prepared from a second mixture subjected to a prepolymerization reaction, wherein the first mixture includes a maleimide resin and a benzoxazine resin, and the second mixture includes a maleimide resin and a bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine. The resin composition may be used to make various articles, such as a prepreg, a resin film, a laminate or a printed circuit board, and at least one of the following properties can be improved, including copper foil peeling strength, dissipation factor, ratio of thermal expansion, cure shrinkage and glass transition temperature.

A resin composition includes a first prepolymer and a second prepolymer, the first prepolymer being prepared from a first mixture subjected to a prepolymerization reaction, the second prepolymer being prepared from a second mixture subjected to a prepolymerization reaction, wherein the first mixture includes a maleimide resin and a benzoxazine resin, and the second mixture includes a maleimide resin and a bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine. The resin composition may be used to make various articles, such as a prepreg, a resin film, a laminate or a printed circuit board, and at least one of the following properties can be improved, including copper foil peeling strength, dissipation factor, ratio of thermal expansion, cure shrinkage and glass transition temperature.

The invention provides non-naturally occurring microbial organisms containing butadiene or 2,4-pentadienoate pathways comprising at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding a butadiene or 2,4-pentadienoate pathway enzyme expressed in a sufficient amount to produce butadiene or 2,4-pentadienoate. The organism can further contain a hydrogen synthesis pathway. The invention additionally provides methods of using such microbial organisms to produce butadiene or 2,4-pentadienoate by culturing a non-naturally occurring microbial organism containing butadiene or 2,4-pentadienoate pathways as described herein under conditions and for a sufficient period of time to produce butadiene or 2,4-pentadienoate. Hydrogen can be produced together with the production of butadiene or 2,4-pentadienoate.

The invention provides non-naturally occurring microbial organisms containing butadiene or 2,4-pentadienoate pathways comprising at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding a butadiene or 2,4-pentadienoate pathway enzyme expressed in a sufficient amount to produce butadiene or 2,4-pentadienoate. The organism can further contain a hydrogen synthesis pathway. The invention additionally provides methods of using such microbial organisms to produce butadiene or 2,4-pentadienoate by culturing a non-naturally occurring microbial organism containing butadiene or 2,4-pentadienoate pathways as described herein under conditions and for a sufficient period of time to produce butadiene or 2,4-pentadienoate. Hydrogen can be produced together with the production of butadiene or 2,4-pentadienoate.

A method of carrying out a metathesis reaction includes the combination of at least one alkene or non conjugated diene with a Ruthenium-based catalyst with an cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene ligand to form a reaction mixture, heating the reaction mixture to a temperature of 100° C. or greater in the absence of a solvent in bulk conditions, and mechanically stirring the reaction mixture. The reaction can be an ADMET, ROMP, a metathesis ring-closure or an olefin exchange reaction.

A method of carrying out a metathesis reaction includes the combination of at least one alkene or non conjugated diene with a Ruthenium-based catalyst with an cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene ligand to form a reaction mixture, heating the reaction mixture to a temperature of 100° C. or greater in the absence of a solvent in bulk conditions, and mechanically stirring the reaction mixture. The reaction can be an ADMET, ROMP, a metathesis ring-closure or an olefin exchange reaction.

A cured product of a curable material is a cured product of a curable material containing a benzoxazine compound and a polymerization initiator. The benzoxazine compound has a polymerizable functional group on a nitrogen atom constituting an oxazine ring. The cured product has a curing rate of 60% or more. The present invention also encompasses a polymer composition including a polymer including repeating units of a polymerizable monomer having a benzoxazine ring.

A cured product of a curable material is a cured product of a curable material containing a benzoxazine compound and a polymerization initiator. The benzoxazine compound has a polymerizable functional group on a nitrogen atom constituting an oxazine ring. The cured product has a curing rate of 60% or more. The present invention also encompasses a polymer composition including a polymer including repeating units of a polymerizable monomer having a benzoxazine ring.

A method for preparing a modified conjugated diene-based polymer having excellent compounding properties and improved processability is disclosed herein. According to the method, a first polymer including a functional group is prepared using a modifier represented by Formula 1, and the first polymer is mixed with a sulfur halide. A modified conjugated diene-based polymer having excellent affinity with a filler, excellent compounding properties such as tensile properties and viscoelasticity properties, and excellent compounding processability, may be prepared.