A porous biocomposite material including a polymer matrix having pores defined by several surfaces and collagen on the surface of the pores and the outer surfaces of the polymer matrix, the ratio, by weight, collagen to polymer matrix is from 20:80 to 40:60. The polymer matrix of the porous biocomposite material includes a copolymer which is prepared from a poly(ε-caprolactone) diol, a poly(lactide-co-glycolide) diol and a lysine diisocyanate (LDI). Also included are an implant which is a biodegradable, porous foam and with similar biomechanics to the normal meniscus, with tensile, compressive and tear strength, and preventing the pores from collapsing under condyle-tibia pressure. It serves as a scaffold for damaged meniscus repair or replacement, indicated for grade 3 or 4 terminal knee arthrosis, for the prevention of treatment, by cartilage regeneration, of advanced knee arthrosis, to avoid knee prostheses in young patients.

A biocompatible adhesive is provided comprising one or more water insoluble compounds of structure (1) wherein B is an oligomer derived from a polyester, polyether, polyalkylene glycol, polysilicone or polycarbonate with a MW<10,000 g/mol, Linker L is a urethane, urea bond, or amide bond; Linker L′ is a urethane or urea bond, A is a chain extender of Mw≤3000 g/mol comprising substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl and/or aromatic groups, W is a terminal adhesive benzene-1,2-diol derivative or a terminal adhesive benzene-1,2,3-diol derivative, m is 0 or 1; and n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; or a cross-linked polymer formed from said compounds. The compound(s) have a Tg lower than 25° C. The biocompatible adhesive is suitable for use without solvent.

Polymers suitable for forming carbon nanotube-functionalized reverse thermal gel compositions, compositions including the polymers, and methods of forming and using the polymers and compositions are disclosed. The compositions have reverse thermal gelling properties and transform from a liquid/solution to a gel—e.g., near or below body temperature. The polymers and compositions can be injected into or proximate an area in need of treatment.

A hybrid composite and method for producing a polymer network are provided. The hybrid composite includes nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (nHA) and polyurethane. The method for producing a polymer network includes reacting nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (nHA) particles with lysine derived triisocyanate (LTI) to form a nHA/LTI hybrid prepolymer and reacting the prepolymer with a thioketal (TK) diol to form a nHA/poly(thioketal urethane) (PTKUR) hybrid polymer network.

A water soluble biocompatible adhesive is provided comprising one or more compounds of structure 1 wherein B is an oligomer derived from a polyether or polyalkylene glycol, with a MW<5,000 g/mol, Linker L is a urethane, urea bond, or amide bond; Linker L′ is a urethane or urea bond, A is a chain extender of Mw≤3000 g/mol comprising substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl and/or aromatic groups, W is a terminal adhesive benzene-1,2-diol derivative or a terminal adhesive benzene-1,2,3-diol derivative, m is 0 or 1; and n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. The compound(s) have a Tg lower than 25° C. The biocompatible adhesive is suitable for use without solvent.

A method for setting conditions for use of a polymerization catalyst includes a step of acquiring a physical property value derived from remaining functional groups after maintaining a temperature of a composition including a polymerization-reactive compound and a predetermined amount of a polymerization catalyst, a step of calculating a remaining functional group ratio from the physical property value, a step of calculating a reaction rate constant based on a reaction rate equation from the remaining functional group ratio, a step of calculating an activation energy and a frequency factor from the reaction rate constant using an Arrhenius plot, a step of determining whether or not the activation energy satisfies a predetermined condition for the polymerization catalyst, an step of setting an approximation equation from the frequency factor, and a step of setting an addition range with respect to the polymerization-reactive compound.

A process includes calcining a high potassium carbonaceous waste product to form potassium oxide and carbon dioxide and reacting the potassium oxide and carbon dioxide to yield bio-based potassium carbonate. The process also includes catalyzing a reaction of a lignocellulosic biomass with abundant hydroxyl groups into a biopolyol using the bio-based potassium carbonate and brominating using a brominating agent a triglyceride to form a bio-isocyanate. In addition, the process includes reacting the biopolyol and the bio-isocyanate to form a polyurethane foam.

The invention relates to the use of at least one open-chain, optionally branched, ether isocyanate having an NCO functionality≥1, wherein 2 or 3 carbon atoms are present between at least one NCO group and at least one ether-oxygen atom, optionally in the presence of other reactants such as alcohols, amines, water, CO.sub.2, or of other reactants having an NCO functionality≥1, optionally in the presence of at least one catalyst, to increase the reaction speed and/or to reduce the optionally required catalyst amount during isocyanate modification. The invention further relates to a process for modifying isocyanates, to the modified isocyanates as such and to a two-component system or one-component system and to the moldings, coatings and composite parts obtainable therefrom.

Polymers suitable for forming carbon nanotube-functionalized reverse thermal gel compositions, compositions including the polymers, and methods of forming and using the polymers and compositions are disclosed. The compositions have reverse thermal gelling properties and transform from a liquid/solution to a gel—e.g., near or below body temperature. The polymers and compositions can be injected into or proximate an area in need of treatment.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, provided are hollow particles which have a wall portion containing polyurethane or polyurea, have an internal porous structure, and have a plurality of opening spaces blocked by the wall portion in an outermost portion of the porous structure, and a manufacturing method thereof, and a pore forming material, particles for cosmetics, and a weight reducing material.