The disclosure relates to methods of making foams comprising aromatic polyester polyether polyol materials derived from the transesterification of polyethylene terephthalate with either glycerin or trimethylolpropane, wherein each of these triols, independently, has a degree of ethoxylation of from 1 to 9. Uses of the foams are further disclosed. The disclosure further relates to selection of blowing agents suitable to generate a selected end use case. Yet further, the disclosure relates to selection of end uses, properties, and environmental profiles of the foams generated according to the methods herein, and selecting formulation variables suitable to obtain the foams.

Disclosed are low-viscosity foamable polyurethane-forming compositions containing a polyol composition having monomeric and higher polyol components and optionally a polyhydroxylated aromatic compound; a polyisocyanate or latent polyisocyanate component or a combination thereof; a blowing agent; and optionally a cyclic carbonate having one or more hydroxyl groups. The monomeric and higher polyols each contain three or more hydroxyl groups, the higher polyol containing residues of the monomeric polyol and optionally residues of the polyhydroxylated aromatic compound, the residues being linked by one or more carbonate and/or ether groups. The Disclosed foamable polyurethane-forming compositions may contain the polyol compositions disclosed; an isocyanate functional component; and a blowing agent. The foamable compositions afford high strength, heat-resistant, low to moderate density foamed-polyurethane compositions useful in a variety of applications including construction, vehicle and packaging applications.

This document discloses algae-derived flexible foams, whether open-cell or closed-cell, with inherent antimicrobial and flame resistant properties, wherein a process of manufacturing includes the steps of: harvesting algae-biomass; sufficiently drying the algae biomass; blending the dried algae biomass with a carrier resin and various foaming ingredients; adding an algal-derived antimicrobial compound selected from various natural sulfated polysaccharides present in brown algae, red algae, and/or certain seaweeds (marine microalgae); and adding a sufficient quantity of dried algae biomass to the formulation to adequately create a fire resistant flexible foam material.

Provided are a thermoplastic polyurethane foam and an impact resistant composite laminate. The thermoplastic polyurethane comprises a structural unit represented by Formula (I):

##STR00001## wherein each R independently is an alkylene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms or —CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2— or —CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2—; n is a number from 2 to 13; and the structural unit has a Mn ranging from 700 g/mole to 2500 g/mole. The impact resistant composite laminate comprises a base layer and a first impact resistant layer formed by the thermoplastic polyurethane foam, and the first impact resistant layer overlaps the base layer.

The subject application relates to polyurethane foam and methods of forming the same. A polyurethane foam may include a polyurethane foam may include a first polyol component, a second polyol component, and a third polyol component. The first polyol component may include at least one component selected from the group of a polyether polyol and a polyester polyol. The second polyol component may include a polyether polyol. The third polyol component may include a grafted polyether polyol. The polyurethane foam may have a density of at least about 100 kg/m.sup.3 and not greater than about 800 kg/m.sup.3. The polyurethane foam may have an adjusted compression force deflection to density ratio of at least about 0.3.

It is known that panels moulded for structural use can be subject to undesirable levels of shrinkage and this can complicate their end use or a building made from them. It is an object of the invention to go at least some way to addressing this problem. Accordingly there is provided a method of significantly reducing panel shrinkage in the production of a structural building panel. The method involves spraying polyurethane foam onto a rigid open mould such that the foam substantially embeds mesh, which prevents or significantly reduces shrinkage of the polyurethane foam. A skin of polyurea is then sprayed over the polyurethane to enhance structural strength of the panel.

Polyurethane foams are made by curing a reaction mixture that contains an aromatic polyisocyanate, at least one isocyanate-reactive material having an average functionality of at least 2 and an equivalent weight of at least 200 per isocyanate-reactive group, at least one blowing agent, at least one surfactant and at least one catalyst, and a certain 3-oxopropanamide compound. Foams so produced emit low levels of aldehydes.

The disclosure relates to methods of making foams comprising aromatic polyester polyether polyol materials derived from the transesterification of polyethylene terephthalate with either glycerin or trimethylolpropane, wherein each of these triols, independently, has a degree of ethoxylation of from 1 to 9. Uses of the foams are further disclosed. The disclosure further relates to selection of blowing agents suitable to generate a selected end use case. Yet further, the disclosure relates to selection of end uses, properties, and environmental profiles of the foams generated according to the methods herein, and selecting formulation variables suitable to obtain the foams.

A biodegradable foam which includes a poly-ester-based polyurethane foam and a mixture comprised of a soil-dwelling carbon-digesting bacteria embedded in a carrier compound. The mixture of the soil-dwelling carbon-digesting bacteria is homogenously dispersed throughout the polyester-based polyurethane foam. This biodegradable foam exhibits biodegradation rates higher than a polyester-based polyurethane foam absent the soil-dwelling carbon-digesting bacteria.

The present disclosure relates to a silicone rubber foam layer obtainable by a process that includes providing a substrate; providing a first solid film and applying it onto the substrate; providing a coating tool provided with an upstream side and a downstream side, wherein the coating tool is offset from the substrate to form a gap normal to the surface of the substrate; moving the first solid film relative to the coating tool in a downstream direction; providing a curable and foamable precursor of the silicone rubber foam to the upstream side of the coating tool thereby coating the precursor of the silicone rubber foam through the gap as a layer onto the substrate provided with the first solid film; providing a second solid film and applying it along the upstream side of the coating tool, such that the first solid film and the second solid film are applied simultaneously with the formation of the adjacent layer of the precursor of the silicone rubber foam; foaming or allowing the precursor of the silicone rubber foam to foam; curing or allowing the layer of the precursor of the silicone rubber foam to cure thereby forming the silicone rubber foam layer; optionally, exposing the layer of the precursor of the silicone rubber foam to a thermal treatment; and optionally, removing the first solid film and/or the second solid film from the silicone rubber foam layer.