A resin composition is provided and contains a maleimide compound, a polyphenylene ether compound having an unsaturated double bond in the molecule, a phosphorus-containing compound having a group represented by the following Formula (1) and a group containing a phosphorus atom in the molecule, and a curing agent.

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In Formula (1), R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.

The invention provides for UV excitable polyfluorene based conjugates and their use in methods of analyte detection.

The present invention is directed to nanofilaments for polymer brushes, to polymer brushes comprising the nanofilaments and methods of making the same. In particular, the invention provides water soluble nanofilaments which may be grafted to a surface and which may be functionalised with (bio)molecules.

Hydrocarbon proton exchange membranes are disclosed that are composed of a material including a hydrophobic main chain, and acidic side chains. The main chain includes a polyaryl structure that is substantially free of ether linkages and also includes a fluoromethyl substituted carbon. The acidic side chains include a hydrocarbon tether terminated by a strongly acidic group, such as a fluoroalkyl sulfonate group. Chemical stability of the material is increased by removing the ether linkages from the main chain. The hydrophobic main chain and substantially hydrophilic side chains create a phase-separated morphology that affords enhanced transport of protons and water across the membrane even at low relative humidity levels. These materials are advantageous as membranes for use in fuel cells, redox flow batteries, water hydrolysis systems, sensors, electrochemical hydrogen compressors, actuators, water purifiers, gas separators, etc.

The invention provides for polyfluoreno[4,5-cde]oxepine conjugates and their use in methods of analyte detection.

Methods for fabricating three-dimensional objects by 3D-inkjet printing technology are provided. The methods utilize a combination of curable materials that polymerize via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and curable materials that polymerize via free-radical polymerization (FRP) for fabricating the object. Systems suitable for performing these methods, kits containing modeling material formulations usable in the methods and objects obtained thereby are also provided.

A supercapacitor electrode comprises a mixture of graphene sheets and humic acid. The humic acid occupies 0.1% to 99% by weight of the mixture and the graphene sheets are selected from a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001% to 5% by weight of non-carbon elements. The non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof. The mixture has a specific surface area greater than 500 m.sup.2/g.

Provided is a manufacturing method of a graphene-based liquid crystal fiber including: polymerizing a first aromatic monomer on a graphene-based compound to prepare a graphene composite in which a first aromatic polymer is surface-polymerized on the graphene-based compound; wet-spinning the graphene composite to manufacture a hydrogel fiber; and polymerizing a second aromatic monomer on the hydrogel fiber to fill pores of the hydrogel fiber with a second aromatic polymer.

Biocompatible polymer hydrogel composite structures, methods of making the composite structures, and methods of using the composite structures as scaffolds for biological tissue growth and regeneration are provided. The methods for making the composite structures start with a porous high resolution three-dimensional hydrogel scaffold in which polymer precursors are infused and then polymerized in situ to form a water-soluble, electrically conducting polymer that is bonded to and/or entrapped within the hydrogel.

Conjugated, electrically conducting polymers (CPs) with the ability to covalently graft onto collagen and collagenic materials are provided. Also provided are methods of functionalizing biological tissues and other biological substrates with the CPs, and methods of using the functionalized biological substrates as cell and tissue growth scaffolds that harness the passive therapeutic benefits of CPs and use the enhanced conductivity provided by the scaffolds to stimulate cell growth and proliferation through the bulk of the biological substrate.