A copolymerized polycarbonate resin having, at least, a constituent unit (A) and a constituent unit (B). The constituent unit (A) is derived from a dihydroxy compound. The carbonate constituent unit (B) is derived from a polyoxyalkylene glycol. A weight ratio of the constituent unit (B) derived from a polyoxyalkylene glycol to a weight of the copolymerized polycarbonate resin is preferably more than 20 wt % and 99 wt % or less.

A polycarbonate resin having a high refractive index, a low Abbe number and a high moisture and heat resistance is provided. In an embodiment, a polycarbonate resin including a structural unit represented by general formula (1) below is provided.

##STR00001##

The present disclosure provides a crystalline polythiocarbonate and a preparation method thereof. The crystalline polythiocarbonate is a random copolymer and includes five structural units L1 to L5 as shown in the following formula. The method includes carrying out a polymerization reaction natively or in solution using carbon disulfide, ethylene oxide, selectively added third monomer, initiator, Lewis acid, selectively added chain transfer agent, and selectively added solvent as raw materials. This method provides a new way for high value-added application of carbon disulfide and ethylene oxide by using inexpensive carbon disulfide and ethylene oxide as monomers; the product is a random copolymerized crystalline polythiocarbonate with novel structure, which has various chain link structures and excellent mechanical properties, processing properties and degradability.

A polycarbonate resin having a high refractive index, a low Abbe number and a high moisture and heat resistance is provided. In an embodiment, a polycarbonate resin including a structural unit represented by general formula (1) below is provided. ##STR00001##

The present disclosure provides a crystalline polythiocarbonate and a preparation method thereof. The crystalline polythiocarbonate is a random copolymer and includes five structural units L1 to L5 as shown in the following formula. The method includes carrying out a polymerization reaction natively or in solution using carbon disulfide, ethylene oxide, selectively added third monomer, initiator, Lewis acid, selectively added chain transfer agent, and selectively added solvent as raw materials. This method provides a new way for high value-added application of carbon disulfide and ethylene oxide by using inexpensive carbon disulfide and ethylene oxide as monomers; the product is a random copolymerized crystalline polythiocarbonate with novel structure, which has various chain link structures and excellent mechanical properties, processing properties and degradability.

Alkylene carbonates are removed from polyether-carbonate polymers by contacting the polyether-carbonate with an absorbent at a temperature of 30 to 150° C. The process is effective and inexpensive. The purified polyether-carbonate is useful for making polyurethanes as well as in many other applications.

The present invention relates to expandable, polymerizable compositions comprising at least one benzoxazine and at least one cyclic carbonate, to polymerization products of these expandable, polymerizable compositions, to a process for preparing these polymerization products as well as to uses of these expandable, polymerizable compositions. The present invention is based on the surprising finding that copolymerizing benzoxazine monomers with cyclic carbonate monomers results in novel copolymers having unforeseeably high expansion rates, wherein the properties (e.g. solid/brittle, solid/soft, rubbery) of the resulting copolymers can be easily and reproducibly tuned/adjusted, depending on the ratio of the benzoxazine equivalents/cyclic carbonate equivalents present in the composition and copolymer, respectively.

An aliphatic polycarbonate resin for forming a partition containing a constituent unit represented by the formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having one or more carbon atoms, an alkoxyalkyl group having two or more carbon atoms, an aryl group, or an aryloxyalkyl group; at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 is an alkyl group having two or more carbon atoms, an alkoxyalkyl group having two or more carbon atoms, an aryl group, or an aryloxyalkyl group; and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 may be the same or different; and the aliphatic polycarbonate resin has a contact angle against water of 75° or more. Also disclosed is a partition material including the aliphatic polycarbonate resin, a substrate, a method of producing the substrate, a method for producing a wiring substrate, and a wiring forming method.

The present invention provides a novel polycarbonate diol and a polyurethane using the polycarbonate diol as raw materials. The novel polycarbonate diol produces polycarbonate diol-based polyurethane which has a high degree of hardness, superior abrasion resistance, and superior hydrophilicity, and is usable for an application such as a paint, a coating agent, a synthetic leather, an artificial leather, and a highly-functional elastomers, or the like. The present invention also provides an active-energy radiation curable polymer composition giving a cured film having a superior contamination resistance and high degree of hardness. The present invention is obtained, for example, by reacting specific two types of diols with diester carbonate in the presence of a transesterification catalyst being a compound using a metal of Group 1 or 2 on the periodic table. The present invention provides a polycarbonate diol wherein the metal content of the transesterification catalyst is 100 weight ppm or less, a polyurethane obtainable by using this polycarbonate diol and an active-energy radiation curable polymer composition containing the urethane(meth)acrylate oligomer which is obtained from the polycarbonate diol.

A limonene-based flame-retardant compound, a method of making a flame-retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that includes a limonene-based flame-retardant compound are provided. In an embodiment, the method includes forming a limonene-based derivative; forming a phosphorus-based flame-retardant molecule; reacting the limonene-based derivative with the phosphorus-based flame-retardant molecule to form a limonene-based flame-retardant compound; and forming a flame-retardant polymer from the limonene-based flame-retardant compound. In some embodiments, the limonene-based flame-retardant compound has variable functionality including vinyl, epoxide, methylene bridges, and thioethers.