provided is a composition containing electron-donating polymer (D) having a structure represented by the following formula (1), and electron-withdrawing polymer (A) having a structure represented by the following formula (2):

##STR00001##

wherein definition of the symbols are as described in the DESCRIPTION.

To provide a degradable polyethylene glycol derivative in which polyethylene glycol chains are linked by a disulfide linker capable of accurately controlling the degradation rate under different reductive environments in the living body, and whose division rate into a polyethylene glycol chain of low molecular weight in the living body is able to be accurately controlled. A degradable polyethylene glycol derivative represented by formula (1). R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent each independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is the hydrocarbon group; P.sup.1 is a straight-chain or branched polyethylene glycol chain having a number of ethylene glycol units of 3 or more; P.sup.2 is a straight-chain polyethylene glycol chain having a number of ethylene glycol units of 3 or more; w is an integer of 1 to 8; u is an integer of 1 to 10; X.sup.1 is a chemically reactive functional group; and Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2 and Z.sup.3 are each independently a selected divalent spacer.

##STR00001##

Disclosed are ethylenically unsaturated salts of allyl (poly)ether sulfates utilized as reactive surfactants or emulsifiers during emulsion polymerization.

Copolymers comprising recurring units of a phenyl glycidyl ether and alkylene oxides are disclosed. Some of the copolymers comprise a di- or polyfunctional nucleophilic initiator and recurring units of the phenyl glycidyl ether and an alkylene oxide. The di- or polyfunctional nucleophilic initiator is an alcohol, phenol, amine, thiol, thiophenol, sulfinic acid, or deprotonated species thereof. Other copolymers comprise a monofunctional nucleophilic initiator selected from thiols, thiophenols, aralkylated phenols, sulfinic acids, secondary amines, C.sub.10-C.sub.20 terpene alcohols, and deprotonated species thereof. Pigments dispersions comprising the copolymers are also disclosed. The copolymers meet the growing needs of the industry with their ease of manufacture, diverse structures, and desirable performance attributes for dispersing a wide range of organic and inorganic pigments. Agricultural applications for the copolymers are also disclosed.

Disclosed are ethylenically unsaturated salts of allyl (poly)ether sulfates utilized as reactive surfactants or emulsifiers during emulsion polymerization.

A method for preparing a polyether polyol in a continuous reaction cycle is described. In the method, a low molecular-weight alcohol is polymerized with an alkylene oxide to obtain a low molecular-weight polymer. The low molecular-weight polymer is used as an initiator to react with the alkylene oxide and the low molecular-weight alcohol in the presence of a DMC catalyst and an acid promoter to obtain an intermediate-target polymer. A portion of the intermediate-target polymer is used for producing the target polymer, and the other portion is recycled for reproduction of the intermediate-target polymer. No initiator prepared with a base catalyst is used, and thus the loss of material and the discharge of residue and waste water are reduced. The DMC concentration is kept constant in the target polymer during the production such that the dewatering time and induction time are greatly reduced.

A reaction system for forming a polyurethane product comprises an isocyanate component and an isocyanate-reactive component including a sulfur-containing polyether polyol that is an alkylated sulfur-containing initiator. The sulfur-containing polyether polyol has a number average molecular weight from 400 g/mol to 10,000 g/mol and the sulfur-containing initiator having another number average molecular weight that is less than the number average molecular weight of the sulfur-containing polyether polyol. The composition has a sulfur content from 0.1 wt % to 3.0 wt %, based on a total weight of the composition.

Copolymers comprising recurring units of a phenyl glycidyl ether and alkylene oxides are disclosed. Some of the copolymers comprise a di- or polyfunctional nucleophilic initiator and recurring units of the phenyl glycidyl ether and an alkylene oxide. The di- or polyfunctional nucleophilic initiator is an alcohol, phenol, amine, thiol, thiophenol, sulfinic acid, or deprotonated species thereof. Other copolymers comprise a monofunctional nucleophilic initiator selected from thiols, thiophenols, aralkylated phenols, sulfinic acids, secondary amines, C.sub.10-C.sub.20 terpene alcohols, and deprotonated species thereof. Pigments dispersions comprising the copolymers are also disclosed. The copolymers meet the growing needs of the industry with their ease of manufacture, diverse structures, and desirable performance attributes for dispersing a wide range of organic and inorganic pigments. Agricultural applications for the copolymers are also disclosed.

Provided are a conductive composite structure for an electronic device, a method of preparing the conductive composite structure, an electrode for an electronic device including the conductive composite structure, and an electronic device including the conductive composite structure. The conductive composite structure may contain graphene and an organic composite layer including a conductive polymer having a work function of about 5.3 eV or lower, and has a sheet resistance deviation of about 10% or less.

Described herein are articles coated with one or more polyelectrolyte complexes. The polyelectrolyte complexes have a high glass transition temperature when the coating is contacted with an aqueous medium. In one aspect, the coating has a glass transition temperature of at least 45? C. when in contact with an aqueous medium, which makes the coatings described herein as glassy. The coating compositions described herein are effective in reducing adhesion of organisms on the surface of the coated article, which makes the coatings an effective antifouling coating.